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On 04/01/2012 09:40 AM, Orchid Win7 v1 wrote:
> On 01/04/2012 01:42 PM, James Holsenback wrote:
>> http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-17576745
>
> So they're talking about allowing traffic analysis. No actual data
> content, just what you looked at and when.
>
> It's rather worrying that anyone "official enough" would be able to
> browse through any data they want without needing a warrant. But beyond
> that, I suspect whoever suggested this doesn't quite comprehend the
> volume of data we're talking about here. The daft thing is, the
> technically sophisticated criminals these measures are purportedly
> supposed to catch will easily get around them, so it affects only naive
> innocent citizens.
>
> I gather last time somebody proposed this, it didn't get very far due to
> massive opposition. I expect the same thing to happen with this one.
>
>> http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/12/31/statement-president-hr-1540
>>
>
> TL;DR.
>
>> http://www.fastcompany.com/1826121/employers-want-your-facebook-password-now
All this (the apparent trend) I find troubling.
> Some employers are arseholes. Don't work for them.
>
> If some employer wanted access to my personal data, I would simply
> refuse. If that means they don't hire me, that's their loss, not mine,
> IMHO.
Recently I applied for part time work at a local grocery ... walking
distance, and hey a little extra cash right! They wanted a saliva test
for heavens sake. I declined because I thought it was a bit extreme, and
(not to mention) an invasion of my privacy. There's a BIG disconnect
going on here! Average, normal ... or whatever you want to call them
folks are getting walked all over.
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Orchid Win7 v1 <voi### [at] dev null> wrote:
> I suspect whoever suggested this doesn't quite comprehend the
> volume of data we're talking about here.
If there's anything positive that can be fathomed about email spam,
it's that its sheer amount (it broke the 50% mark of all email traversing
the internet long time ago) twharts any kind of comprehensive automatic
traffic analysis of email (or at least makes it impractical and expensive).
--
- Warp
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On 01/04/2012 2:40 PM, Orchid Win7 v1 wrote:
> On 01/04/2012 01:42 PM, James Holsenback wrote:
>> http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-17576745
>
>
> I gather last time somebody proposed this, it didn't get very far due to
> massive opposition. I expect the same thing to happen with this one.
Three hours after the article being posted there are ~ 1600 comments.
--
Regards
Stephen
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On 4/1/2012 6:40 AM, Orchid Win7 v1 wrote:
>> http://www.fastcompany.com/1826121/employers-want-your-facebook-password-now
>>
>
> Some employers are arseholes. Don't work for them.
>
> If some employer wanted access to my personal data, I would simply
> refuse. If that means they don't hire me, that's their loss, not mine,
> IMHO.
Sadly, like the argument that American Libertarians fail to grasp, along
with Tea Partiers, and a lot of Republicans, when it comes to economics,
business practices, regulation, and buying politicians, the
***biggest*** problem with this idea is that it only works until
most/all of them are doing it.
The example I just used today was if the government wasn't allowed to
regulate carnivals, so every carnival had prizes booths that cheated
people, and it turned out that the number of the cheating just happened
to be 100% of them. Going to a different booth isn't going to work, nor
is going to a different carnival. But, according to the morons, the
"free market", whether you are a buyer, or the guy trying to find a job,
or you are worried someone might find that you read hustler, instead of
playboy (or just read either), is supposed to somehow fix this, without
someone else stepping in to stop them doing it.
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Le 2012-04-01 11:03, James Holsenback a écrit :
>
> Recently I applied for part time work at a local grocery ... walking
> distance, and hey a little extra cash right! They wanted a saliva test
> for heavens sake. I declined because I thought it was a bit extreme, and
> (not to mention) an invasion of my privacy. There's a BIG disconnect
> going on here! Average, normal ... or whatever you want to call them
> folks are getting walked all over.
In soviet Canuckistan, this is illegal. They can only do drug testing
ONCE you are employed and ONLY IF it pertains to your duties (e.g.
airline pilot, heavy machinery operator, etc...)
--
/*Francois Labreque*/#local a=x+y;#local b=x+a;#local c=a+b;#macro P(F//
/* flabreque */L)polygon{5,F,F+z,L+z,L,F pigment{rgb 9}}#end union
/* @ */{P(0,a)P(a,b)P(b,c)P(2*a,2*b)P(2*b,b+c)P(b+c,<2,3>)
/* gmail.com */}camera{orthographic location<6,1.25,-6>look_at a }
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On 02/04/2012 12:28 PM, Francois Labreque wrote:
>
> In soviet Canuckistan, this is illegal. They can only do drug testing
> ONCE you are employed and ONLY IF it pertains to your duties (e.g.
> airline pilot, heavy machinery operator, etc...)
But they are good at Curling as Jim will know. ;-)
--
Regards
Stephen
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On 04/02/2012 09:07 AM, Stephen wrote:
> On 02/04/2012 12:28 PM, Francois Labreque wrote:
>>
>> In soviet Canuckistan, this is illegal. They can only do drug testing
>> ONCE you are employed and ONLY IF it pertains to your duties (e.g.
>> airline pilot, heavy machinery operator, etc...)
>
> But they are good at Curling as Jim will know. ;-)
>
LOL ... yeah! Just like shuffleboard only substitute ice and a rock ;-)
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On 02/04/2012 4:53 PM, James Holsenback wrote:
> On 04/02/2012 09:07 AM, Stephen wrote:
>> On 02/04/2012 12:28 PM, Francois Labreque wrote:
>>>
>>> In soviet Canuckistan, this is illegal. They can only do drug testing
>>> ONCE you are employed and ONLY IF it pertains to your duties (e.g.
>>> airline pilot, heavy machinery operator, etc...)
>>
>> But they are good at Curling as Jim will know. ;-)
>>
>
> LOL ... yeah! Just like shuffleboard only substitute ice and a rock ;-)
Or shove ha’peny wi’ muckle boulders.
--
Regards
Stephen
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On 4/1/2012 6:40, Orchid Win7 v1 wrote:
> suspect whoever suggested this doesn't quite comprehend the volume of data
> we're talking about here.
Uh, no, you realize all that traffic is already being examined and routed,
right? It's not like google doesn't have 3 to 5 copies of the entire
internet available in tenths of seconds to anyone in the world, you know?
It's only massive data if you don't automate it. That's why people in the
USA get peeved when the supreme court decides that police affixing a GPS
tracker to your car without telling you isn't any more intrusive than
actually following you around while you drive.
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
"Oh no! We're out of code juice!"
"Don't panic. There's beans and filters
in the cabinet."
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On 4/1/2012 8:43, Warp wrote:
> (it broke the 50% mark of all email traversing
> the internet long time ago)
It broke the 90% mark a long time ago.
> twharts any kind of comprehensive automatic
> traffic analysis of email (or at least makes it impractical and expensive).
Classifying spam isn't difficult. It's just that ISPs don't want to carry
10x as much email data as they need to, and it's hard to track down the source.
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
"Oh no! We're out of code juice!"
"Don't panic. There's beans and filters
in the cabinet."
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On 4/5/2012 6:58 PM, Darren New wrote:
> On 4/1/2012 8:43, Warp wrote:
>> (it broke the 50% mark of all email traversing
>> the internet long time ago)
>
> It broke the 90% mark a long time ago.
>
> > twharts any kind of comprehensive automatic
>> traffic analysis of email (or at least makes it impractical and
>> expensive).
>
> Classifying spam isn't difficult. It's just that ISPs don't want to
> carry 10x as much email data as they need to, and it's hard to track
> down the source.
>
They could go a long way by changing the protocol so you can't "fake"
the source, and the tracking, with respect to how it got there, is kept,
and correctly reported, so that, even if you changed the supposed start
point, somehow, it would be more obvious that the source, as it
traversed the network, wasn't the source being reported. Half the time
email systems consider this information "inconvenient" and actually make
it hard, or impossible, to even look at, never mind actually tell you
that there is a discrepancy of any kind.
If the thing comes from a proxy, its obviously not from where ever it
was sent from in reality. Might need some rules on whether its legal for
the proxy itself to misrepresent itself as a) not in the chain, or b) a
different source. But, once it leaves the proxy, there is still, in
principle, a way to trace back the address, to the server it claims to
come from, thereby finding that there is no way in hell the trace in the
email's own path could match with the claimed source (but, that would
require an automatic traceroute, and even doing that, from some
machines, won't work in cases like Windows, where generating the packets
needed in anything other than the control paths is **not allowed**, as a
possible detected exploit, and where your ISP, modem, or something else,
is denying those control commands).
But, yeah, its hardly "impossible" to at least figure out where the hell
it comes from, and probably easier to use something like that, to ferret
out new "bad" messages, than all the stupid assed, "Lets look at the
content, then panic when legit mail contains X formating, and Y list of
keywords!!!" Hotmail has flagged legit stuff on me, for example, once a
week, at times, as "possibly dangerous", yet, at almost as much of a
regular basis, it has failed to flag idiots trying to cell me viagra...
And, while they suggest to leave the bad emails in there, to better
handle new bad ones, if you have a good one end up in the trap, you can
miss it in "page after page" of invalid ones, simply because having one
good email, on the 50th page, or 800 actual spam messages... really
isn't a viable solution. Its almost better, if you have fairly low
volume, to turn the damn spam trap off, and just delete them yourself.
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> Classifying spam isn't difficult.
I've yet to see a single system which can do this reliably. Maybe one
exists, but I haven't seen it.
> It's just that ISPs don't want to
> carry 10x as much email data as they need to, and it's hard to track
> down the source.
This.
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> They could go a long way by changing the protocol so you can't "fake"
> the source, and the tracking
Yeah, but that means a breaking change to the mail protocol.
Will. Not. Happen.
Heck, they invented a way to check that the source mail server is
authorised to send mail, and large ISPs manage to screw that up.
(When receiving mail, you're supposed to look up the domain of the
source server and check for an authorisation record in the DNS.
Apparently some doofus thought it would be a good idea to also check the
domain OF THE EMAIL ADDRESS - despite the RFC explicitly saying that you
must not do this...)
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On 6-4-2012 6:52, Patrick Elliott wrote:
> On 4/5/2012 6:58 PM, Darren New wrote:
>> On 4/1/2012 8:43, Warp wrote:
>>> (it broke the 50% mark of all email traversing
>>> the internet long time ago)
>>
>> It broke the 90% mark a long time ago.
>>
>> > twharts any kind of comprehensive automatic
>>> traffic analysis of email (or at least makes it impractical and
>>> expensive).
>>
>> Classifying spam isn't difficult. It's just that ISPs don't want to
>> carry 10x as much email data as they need to, and it's hard to track
>> down the source.
>>
> They could go a long way by changing the protocol so you can't "fake"
> the source, and the tracking, with respect to how it got there, is kept,
> and correctly reported, so that, even if you changed the supposed start
> point, somehow, it would be more obvious that the source, as it
> traversed the network, wasn't the source being reported. Half the time
> email systems consider this information "inconvenient" and actually make
> it hard, or impossible, to even look at, never mind actually tell you
> that there is a discrepancy of any kind.
Often I receive mail that was not sent by the person that is in the
from: line. Many people also get mail that claims to be sent by me. I
even get myself mail sent by me often from places that I might wish to
visit, but haven't done so yet.
What I never fully understood is if this is legal or not. I know it is
easy to do, and hard to track down, but I would expect it to be illegal
anyway. Anyone here knows?
--
tip: do not run in an unknown place when it is too dark to see the
floor, unless you prefer to not use uppercase.
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> Often I receive mail that was not sent by the person that is in the
> from: line. Many people also get mail that claims to be sent by me. I
> even get myself mail sent by me often from places that I might wish to
> visit, but haven't done so yet.
> What I never fully understood is if this is legal or not. I know it is
> easy to do, and hard to track down, but I would expect it to be illegal
> anyway. Anyone here knows?
Sending an email is like sending a postcard; you write on one side who
it's from, and on the other side who it's to. Most people write who it's
/really/ from, but there's absolutely nothing to stop you pretending to
be anybody you fancy. (Whether the recipient will believe you is another
matter...) People seem to think because it's on a computer it must
somehow be "secure", but it isn't.
Is it illegal? Well, is it illegal to send a postcard claiming to be
from somebody it isn't?
Clearly trying to deceive somebody for financial gain is fraud, which is
illegal no matter which way you try to do it. But is pretending to be
somebody else illegal in itself? I don't know. (And I'd guess it varies
by country anyway.)
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Le 2012-04-06 00:52, Patrick Elliott a écrit :
> On 4/5/2012 6:58 PM, Darren New wrote:
>> On 4/1/2012 8:43, Warp wrote:
>>> (it broke the 50% mark of all email traversing
>>> the internet long time ago)
>>
>> It broke the 90% mark a long time ago.
>>
>> > twharts any kind of comprehensive automatic
>>> traffic analysis of email (or at least makes it impractical and
>>> expensive).
>>
>> Classifying spam isn't difficult. It's just that ISPs don't want to
>> carry 10x as much email data as they need to, and it's hard to track
>> down the source.
>>
> They could go a long way by changing the protocol so you can't "fake"
> the source,
There are many webhosting services that also offer e-mail with their
package. In those cases, the source would always appear fake since the
source would be "mailrelay.webhostingcompany.com" instead of
"mail.francoispetgroomingservices.biz"
> and the tracking, with respect to how it got there, is kept,
It is. Look at the "Received:" lines of the header.
> and correctly reported, so that, even if you changed the supposed start
> point, somehow, it would be more obvious that the source, as it
> traversed the network, wasn't the source being reported.
Internal RFC-1918 addressing and dicrepancies between internal DNS vs.
public DNS names make this impossible.
As an outsider, how can you tell if fred.remoteoffice.mycompany
(10.2.5.14) and pebbles.datacenter.mycompany (10.254.13.56) are valid
sources without knowing the internal e-mail architecture of the company?
> Half the time
> email systems consider this information "inconvenient" and actually make
> it hard, or impossible, to even look at, never mind actually tell you
> that there is a discrepancy of any kind.
>
> If the thing comes from a proxy, its obviously not from where ever it
> was sent from in reality.
There's no such thing as a proxy in e-mail parlance. Only mail relays.
And because most companies and ISPs try to limit the path that e-mails
take to known and trusted sources, you can't get rid of them.
> Might need some rules on whether its legal for
> the proxy itself to misrepresent itself as a) not in the chain, or b) a
> different source.
How should a machine with an internal DNS name of
pebbles.datacenter.mycompany and an IP address of 10.254.13.56 which
gets natted by the outside firewall to 209.209.209.209 (and which
resolves to mx.mycompany.com) represent itself?
> But, once it leaves the proxy, there is still, in
> principle, a way to trace back the address, to the server it claims to
> come from,
Not if the server is behind a firewall (which is should be), or if is
used RFC-1918 IP addressing (which it should).
> thereby finding that there is no way in hell the trace in the
> email's own path could match with the claimed source (but, that would
> require an automatic traceroute, and even doing that, from some
> machines, won't work in cases like Windows, where generating the packets
> needed in anything other than the control paths is **not allowed**, as a
> possible detected exploit, and where your ISP, modem, or something else,
> is denying those control commands).
>
There are various tricks used by mail relays to try and assert the true
identity of a mail-relay that contacts them, such as doing DNS lookups
and reveser lookups to make sure they match the SMTP "HELO" command,
verifying that the machine is a valid MX record for the domain it claims
to represent, etc... But as stated above, these can sometimes prevent
valid e-mails from small businesses that don't have their own e-mail
infrastructure from being delivered.
> But, yeah, its hardly "impossible" to at least figure out where the hell
> it comes from, and probably easier to use something like that, to ferret
> out new "bad" messages, than all the stupid assed, "Lets look at the
> content, then panic when legit mail contains X formating, and Y list of
> keywords!!!" Hotmail has flagged legit stuff on me, for example, once a
> week, at times, as "possibly dangerous", yet, at almost as much of a
> regular basis, it has failed to flag idiots trying to cell me viagra...
> And, while they suggest to leave the bad emails in there, to better
> handle new bad ones, if you have a good one end up in the trap, you can
> miss it in "page after page" of invalid ones, simply because having one
> good email, on the 50th page, or 800 actual spam messages... really
> isn't a viable solution. Its almost better, if you have fairly low
> volume, to turn the damn spam trap off, and just delete them yourself.
While it would potentially cut down on the phishing e-mails, even if you
did manage to make sure that the source was real, there's no way to
programatically determine if an e-mail that says "get viagra at 80% off"
that comes from online.farmacia.cr is something you're interested in or not.
--
/*Francois Labreque*/#local a=x+y;#local b=x+a;#local c=a+b;#macro P(F//
/* flabreque */L)polygon{5,F,F+z,L+z,L,F pigment{rgb 9}}#end union
/* @ */{P(0,a)P(a,b)P(b,c)P(2*a,2*b)P(2*b,b+c)P(b+c,<2,3>)
/* gmail.com */}camera{orthographic location<6,1.25,-6>look_at a }
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On 4/5/2012 21:52, Patrick Elliott wrote:
> They could go a long way by changing the protocol so you can't "fake" the
> source, and the tracking, with respect to how it got there, is kept, and
> correctly reported,
It is, assuming that you don't have a corrupted routing node. The basic
problem is getting everyone to switch to a brand new email protocol all at
once, and getting everyone to support your tracking proposal.
The received-by header isn't something you can completely forge.
> so that, even if you changed the supposed start point,
> somehow, it would be more obvious that the source, as it traversed the
> network, wasn't the source being reported. Half the time email systems
> consider this information "inconvenient" and actually make it hard, or
> impossible, to even look at, never mind actually tell you that there is a
> discrepancy of any kind.
Nah. The received-by headers are always carried along in the email. They're
just not that useful because they weren't secure from the beginning, so if
you reject all mail from insecure mail exchanges, you'll cut people off.
> If the thing comes from a proxy, its obviously not from where ever it was
> sent from in reality. Might need some rules on whether its legal for the
> proxy itself to misrepresent itself as a) not in the chain, or b) a
> different source. But, once it leaves the proxy, there is still, in
> principle, a way to trace back the address, to the server it claims to come
> from, thereby finding that there is no way in hell the trace in the email's
> own path could match with the claimed source (but, that would require an
> automatic traceroute, and even doing that, from some machines, won't work in
> cases like Windows, where generating the packets needed in anything other
> than the control paths is **not allowed**, as a possible detected exploit,
> and where your ISP, modem, or something else, is denying those control
> commands).
I don't think you understand how internet email routing works.
> But, yeah, its hardly "impossible" to at least figure out where the hell it
> comes from,
It really is, if you want to do it reliably without breaking all email
systems currently deployed.
> and probably easier to use something like that, to ferret out
> new "bad" messages,
Sure. You first. Just reject all email that doesn't come from your new
protocol, and see how that works out for you.
> Its almost better, if you
> have fairly low volume, to turn the damn spam trap off, and just delete them
> yourself.
Annnnnd... you just answered your own question. The system has to be as
reliable as the delivery is in the first place.
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
"Oh no! We're out of code juice!"
"Don't panic. There's beans and filters
in the cabinet."
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On 4/6/2012 2:11 AM, Orchid Win7 v1 wrote:
>> They could go a long way by changing the protocol so you can't "fake"
>> the source, and the tracking
>
> Yeah, but that means a breaking change to the mail protocol.
>
> Will. Not. Happen.
>
> Heck, they invented a way to check that the source mail server is
> authorised to send mail, and large ISPs manage to screw that up.
>
> (When receiving mail, you're supposed to look up the domain of the
> source server and check for an authorisation record in the DNS.
> Apparently some doofus thought it would be a good idea to also check the
> domain OF THE EMAIL ADDRESS - despite the RFC explicitly saying that you
> must not do this...)
Uh.. Why would that make any sense, I mean other than the possibility
that some moron would use a domain that didn't have a record at all, and
thus generate, "Yep, absolutely a complete fake!" Still, if you do check
both, and the two being checked do not come back with the same
information, that is also a sign there is something wrong, its just.. I
really doubt, from your comment, that they did that, instead of
something much stupider. lol
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On 4/7/2012 5:36 AM, Francois Labreque wrote:
> Le 2012-04-06 00:52, Patrick Elliott a écrit :
>> On 4/5/2012 6:58 PM, Darren New wrote:
>>> On 4/1/2012 8:43, Warp wrote:
>>>> (it broke the 50% mark of all email traversing
>>>> the internet long time ago)
>>>
>>> It broke the 90% mark a long time ago.
>>>
>>> > twharts any kind of comprehensive automatic
>>>> traffic analysis of email (or at least makes it impractical and
>>>> expensive).
>>>
>>> Classifying spam isn't difficult. It's just that ISPs don't want to
>>> carry 10x as much email data as they need to, and it's hard to track
>>> down the source.
>>>
>> They could go a long way by changing the protocol so you can't "fake"
>> the source,
>
> There are many webhosting services that also offer e-mail with their
> package. In those cases, the source would always appear fake since the
> source would be "mailrelay.webhostingcompany.com" instead of
> "mail.francoispetgroomingservices.biz"
>
>> and the tracking, with respect to how it got there, is kept,
>
> It is. Look at the "Received:" lines of the header.
>
>> and correctly reported, so that, even if you changed the supposed start
>> point, somehow, it would be more obvious that the source, as it
>> traversed the network, wasn't the source being reported.
>
> Internal RFC-1918 addressing and dicrepancies between internal DNS vs.
> public DNS names make this impossible.
>
> As an outsider, how can you tell if fred.remoteoffice.mycompany
> (10.2.5.14) and pebbles.datacenter.mycompany (10.254.13.56) are valid
> sources without knowing the internal e-mail architecture of the company?
>
Hmm. Yeah, there is that. In theory, this isn't as big an issue with
IPv6, since, in principle, every single device, not just IP connection,
could have its own unique identifier. You could even use MAC for that,
only.. some people got the idea that you should be allowed to screw with
those too, so again... Sigh..
In any case, I am not talking about a "complete" solution, just one that
is marginally less stupid than the ones in existence. Sure, a few "small
businesses" might look bad, but what would you rather get, 500 different
emails from 10.254.23.1, each one with a different domain name, or the
ability to mask out ones that go through 2 other "external" IPs, which
you can surmise makes it a probable fraud, and only have to look at 1-2
emails that come from similar locations.
For the most part, unless something goes **very** wrong in a network, or
a major change happens to its morphology, its not just the endpoint that
can be used to figure where it came from.
Instead of even an attempt at a smart solution, what we get is clients
that hide the routing information, and let the scammers add
"http://www.wellsfargo.com/accounts" to the "mouse over" for all the
damn links, so that you either a) copy and paste that (it doesn't copy
the real address under it), and end up at the legit point, of you click
the link, and end up at "wells.fargo.scam.robyoublind.ru". In other
words, the ***EXACT OPPOSITE*** of better security, and threat
identification.
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On 4/7/2012 2:56 PM, Darren New wrote:
>> If the thing comes from a proxy, its obviously not from where ever it was
>> sent from in reality. Might need some rules on whether its legal for the
>> proxy itself to misrepresent itself as a) not in the chain, or b) a
>> different source. But, once it leaves the proxy, there is still, in
>> principle, a way to trace back the address, to the server it claims to
>> come
>> from, thereby finding that there is no way in hell the trace in the
>> email's
>> own path could match with the claimed source (but, that would require an
>> automatic traceroute, and even doing that, from some machines, won't
>> work in
>> cases like Windows, where generating the packets needed in anything other
>> than the control paths is **not allowed**, as a possible detected
>> exploit,
>> and where your ISP, modem, or something else, is denying those control
>> commands).
>
> I don't think you understand how internet email routing works.
>
In principle, it works like any other protocol, but, in principle, the
message grows as it goes through each node, since it tracks where its
been. Its also possible to route it specifically, but that is *way* over
most people's heads.
>> But, yeah, its hardly "impossible" to at least figure out where the
>> hell it
>> comes from,
>
> It really is, if you want to do it reliably without breaking all email
> systems currently deployed.
>
That is what exceptions are for. You might still have to check the trap,
but it would be a "slightly" smarter trap. Right now, the trap tries to
rely on blacklist data, and keyword identification, using programs that
are, fundamentally, quite stupid (as in not even using halfway decent
AI, which might have some limited capacity to guess whether the word
viagra is someone trying to sell it to you, or your friend, telling you
about needing to go to the hospital, because they took too much of it.
All the program knows is "viagra", and if a few other words are there,
its flagged, hence the moronic fact that those slip through, while
Hotmail has **multiple** times actually flagged legit emails Origin,
about things going on with Star Wars: KOTOR.
From a human perspective, that the later seems to be a possibly threat,
while the former changes less than 1-2 words, between emails, but always
makes it through the filters, is just... WTF?
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On 4/7/2012 20:29, Patrick Elliott wrote:
> but what would you rather get, 500 different
> emails from 10.254.23.1, each one with a different domain name,
You mean, like, google app hosting?
> or the
> ability to mask out ones that go through 2 other "external" IPs, which you
> can surmise makes it a probable fraud, and only have to look at 1-2 emails
> that come from similar locations.
How do you tell there are 500 different emails each with a different domain
name without looking at them?
> For the most part, unless something goes **very** wrong in a network, or a
> major change happens to its morphology, its not just the endpoint that can
> be used to figure where it came from.
And it isn't. The ISPs do it too. It's just a lot of overhead for small ISPs.
> Instead of even an attempt at a smart solution, what we get is clients that
> hide the routing information, and let the scammers add
> "http://www.wellsfargo.com/accounts" to the "mouse over" for all the damn
> links, so that you either a) copy and paste that (it doesn't copy the real
> address under it), and end up at the legit point, of you click the link, and
> end up at "wells.fargo.scam.robyoublind.ru". In other words, the ***EXACT
> OPPOSITE*** of better security, and threat identification.
None of which has anything to do with where email originated from.
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
"Oh no! We're out of code juice!"
"Don't panic. There's beans and filters
in the cabinet."
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On 4/7/2012 20:36, Patrick Elliott wrote:
> On 4/7/2012 2:56 PM, Darren New wrote:
>>> If the thing comes from a proxy, its obviously not from where ever it was
>>> sent from in reality. Might need some rules on whether its legal for the
>>> proxy itself to misrepresent itself as a) not in the chain, or b) a
>>> different source. But, once it leaves the proxy, there is still, in
>>> principle, a way to trace back the address, to the server it claims to
>>> come
>>> from, thereby finding that there is no way in hell the trace in the
>>> email's
>>> own path could match with the claimed source (but, that would require an
>>> automatic traceroute, and even doing that, from some machines, won't
>>> work in
>>> cases like Windows, where generating the packets needed in anything other
>>> than the control paths is **not allowed**, as a possible detected
>>> exploit,
>>> and where your ISP, modem, or something else, is denying those control
>>> commands).
>>
>> I don't think you understand how internet email routing works.
>>
> In principle, it works like any other protocol,
Generally not. There's still store-and-forward nodes, POP nodes, etc. And
indeed, not that long ago, UUCP nodes, bitnet nodes, TPC nodes, and etc.
> but, in principle, the
> message grows as it goes through each node, since it tracks where its been.
Yes, and generally that works, as long as you realize any initial subset of
routing hops could be forged.
> That is what exceptions are for. You might still have to check the trap, but
> it would be a "slightly" smarter trap. Right now, the trap tries to rely on
> blacklist data, and keyword identification,
If you want to do it at the ISP level, you can't really do a very good job
of keyword matching. Maybe you really *do* buy your viagra from an online
pharmacy. How do you check the trap if some other ISP has thrown away the
email before it even gets to you?
> "viagra", and if a few other words are there, its flagged, hence the moronic
> fact that those slip through, while Hotmail has **multiple** times actually
> flagged legit emails Origin, about things going on with Star Wars: KOTOR.
And that's the point. For 99.9% of the population, those keywords indicate
spam. For the 0.1% playing KOTOR, it does not. Hence, the ISP has to process
each mail message just in case.
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
"Oh no! We're out of code juice!"
"Don't panic. There's beans and filters
in the cabinet."
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On 4/8/2012 8:59 AM, Darren New wrote:
>> Instead of even an attempt at a smart solution, what we get is clients
>> that
>> hide the routing information, and let the scammers add
>> "http://www.wellsfargo.com/accounts" to the "mouse over" for all the damn
>> links, so that you either a) copy and paste that (it doesn't copy the
>> real
>> address under it), and end up at the legit point, of you click the
>> link, and
>> end up at "wells.fargo.scam.robyoublind.ru". In other words, the ***EXACT
>> OPPOSITE*** of better security, and threat identification.
>
> None of which has anything to do with where email originated from.
>
Well, no, but its part and parcel to the same bloody problem of figuring
out what you are looking at, and who sent it. If you can't tell who the
real sender was, you can't tell what route it took to get to you, and
all "visible" signs of where the links in it point to seem to be places
that you expect them to, if it was real... Basically 100% of it is
stacked against you. If you are lucky, your ISP has a halfway decent
filter, if you are not, you may be screwed.
Its gotten to the point where, if a company actually has a legit reason
to contact you, with anything other than product advertisements, you
can't trust it, unless its a phone call, or they provide an "on their
site" method of messaging you, and even then, someone could scam you by
saying, "The is a new message for you at Blah.com, click here to log in
and read it.", and your still screwed. Using email doesn't require
healthy paranoia anymore, it requires the real world equivalent of
locking all the doors, and hiding under the bed, until the guy knocking
goes away, then going around to every place that might have sent someone
to talk to you, personally, to see if they sent someone to do so. Or
worse, yelling at the legit guy from the phone company, because he is
wearing the wrong color shirt, and your neighbor warned you that someone
wearing that color shirt was robbing houses (the equivalent of the
filter falsely marking something legit, and not letting you even look at
it, to make sure). After all, the guy claiming to be from the phone
company might have intended to rob you... And, that is just a bloody
nuts way to live, yet its how we have to deal with anything "official
looking" in email, if the filters don't trap it, or they do, and
shouldn't have.
It annoys the hell out of me. Heck, Firebird just did it to me today,
and don't even know why the hell it marked two messages from blogs as
spam, other than that its a bit more convoluted to tell Firebird, unlike
Hotmail, to leave shit alone 'period', if it comes from certain email
addresses.
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On 4/8/2012 9:03 AM, Darren New wrote:
>> That is what exceptions are for. You might still have to check the
>> trap, but
>> it would be a "slightly" smarter trap. Right now, the trap tries to
>> rely on
>> blacklist data, and keyword identification,
>
> If you want to do it at the ISP level, you can't really do a very good
> job of keyword matching. Maybe you really *do* buy your viagra from an
> online pharmacy. How do you check the trap if some other ISP has thrown
> away the email before it even gets to you?
>
Actually, it is done on the ISP level, but its shoved into the "spam"
folder, when things work right. The problem is, it almost never works
right. lol
>> "viagra", and if a few other words are there, its flagged, hence the
>> moronic
>> fact that those slip through, while Hotmail has **multiple** times
>> actually
>> flagged legit emails Origin, about things going on with Star Wars: KOTOR.
>
> And that's the point. For 99.9% of the population, those keywords
> indicate spam. For the 0.1% playing KOTOR, it does not. Hence, the ISP
> has to process each mail message just in case.
>
Actually, like most of the "false positives" the criteria going on isn't
just keywords, its in certain combinations, with some crazy assed
heuristic, which results it in not being so much as flagged "spam" as,
"We detected, for no apparent reason, that this might be a threat, so we
won't even show you the plain text, you have to explicitly say you want
to see **the whole thing**." Umm, OK... But then, in other cases, you
let me see enough of the plain text to see whether or not you falsely
marked it, then let me tell you if its spam, or not. So, why the hell
the difference?
In other words, "Possible real spam = we will let you tell us if it was
or not", but, "Possible, non-existent threat = we won't even let you see
it, until you decide to risk what ever threat we imagined existed, and
then, if it isn't one, we won't let you tell us to stop doing it, over
and over again, like we would with mere spam." :head-desk:
Makes no damn sense to me. If it wasn't a threat last time, how the hell
is it next time, and why in bloody heck... Oh, wait, this is Microsoft,
so they probably added their email equivalent of, "Are you sure you want
program.exe to actually do anything?", to the bloody service... lol
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On 4/8/2012 13:05, Patrick Elliott wrote:
> Well, no, but its part and parcel to the same bloody problem of figuring out
> what you are looking at, and who sent it.
It's easy to tell what you're looking at. You already have it.
It's impossible to tell who it is from, except in a fairly abstract way like
"at least one of the people who ought to be keeping their private key
private has sent this."
> Its gotten to the point where, if a company actually has a legit reason to
> contact you, with anything other than product advertisements, you can't
> trust it, unless its a phone call, or they provide an "on their site" method
> of messaging you, and even then, someone could scam you by saying, "The is a
> new message for you at Blah.com, click here to log in and read it.", and
> your still screwed.
This isn't a new problem. The only reason it gets attention now is that it's
trivially easy to do this sort of phishing on a grand scale. But it's not
different than any of the other con games played throughout history.
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
"Oh no! We're out of code juice!"
"Don't panic. There's beans and filters
in the cabinet."
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On 4/8/2012 3:20 PM, Darren New wrote:
> On 4/8/2012 13:05, Patrick Elliott wrote:
>> Well, no, but its part and parcel to the same bloody problem of
>> figuring out
>> what you are looking at, and who sent it.
>
> It's easy to tell what you're looking at. You already have it.
>
> It's impossible to tell who it is from, except in a fairly abstract way
> like "at least one of the people who ought to be keeping their private
> key private has sent this."
>
If it was that trivial, people wouldn't keep falling for it. Just saying.
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On 4/9/2012 13:42, Patrick Elliott wrote:
> On 4/8/2012 3:20 PM, Darren New wrote:
>> On 4/8/2012 13:05, Patrick Elliott wrote:
>>> Well, no, but its part and parcel to the same bloody problem of
>>> figuring out
>>> what you are looking at, and who sent it.
>>
>> It's easy to tell what you're looking at. You already have it.
>>
>> It's impossible to tell who it is from, except in a fairly abstract way
>> like "at least one of the people who ought to be keeping their private
>> key private has sent this."
>>
> If it was that trivial, people wouldn't keep falling for it. Just saying.
You misunderstand. It's easy to look at an email message and tell what it
says. It's very hard to look at an email message and tell what human it's
from. That latter part is the primary cause of people "falling for it." If
you could solve the latter problem, the former problem would drop to
background radiation levels.
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
"Oh no! We're out of code juice!"
"Don't panic. There's beans and filters
in the cabinet."
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On 4/10/2012 5:48 PM, Darren New wrote:
> On 4/9/2012 13:42, Patrick Elliott wrote:
>> On 4/8/2012 3:20 PM, Darren New wrote:
>>> On 4/8/2012 13:05, Patrick Elliott wrote:
>>>> Well, no, but its part and parcel to the same bloody problem of
>>>> figuring out
>>>> what you are looking at, and who sent it.
>>>
>>> It's easy to tell what you're looking at. You already have it.
>>>
>>> It's impossible to tell who it is from, except in a fairly abstract way
>>> like "at least one of the people who ought to be keeping their private
>>> key private has sent this."
>>>
>> If it was that trivial, people wouldn't keep falling for it. Just saying.
>
> You misunderstand. It's easy to look at an email message and tell what
> it says. It's very hard to look at an email message and tell what human
> it's from. That latter part is the primary cause of people "falling for
> it." If you could solve the latter problem, the former problem would
> drop to background radiation levels.
>
Yep, that is the issue, definitely.
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On 4/1/2012 7:42 AM, James Holsenback wrote:
> http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-17576745
>
> http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/12/31/statement-president-hr-1540
>
>
> http://www.fastcompany.com/1826121/employers-want-your-facebook-password-now
>
>
> Boy the more I read stories like this, the more I'm convinced that
> privacy and personal freedom is a thing of the past. Governments and now
> employers seem to be marching lock step, and arm in arm all over things
> that up until /were/ deemed scared. Why don't they just go ahead and
> implant a chip in our necks and be done with it :-(
When I sign up for an on-line service, many of them specifically require
that I keep my password confidential from all other parties. This user
agreement is a binding contract.
I am wondering whether any jurisdictions permit an employer to require
an applicant to breach a contract as a condition of employment. That is
probably illegal in many places.
Regards,
John
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On 5/22/2012 5:26 PM, John VanSickle wrote:
>
> When I sign up for an on-line service, many of them specifically require
> that I keep my password confidential from all other parties. This user
> agreement is a binding contract.
>
> I am wondering whether any jurisdictions permit an employer to require
> an applicant to breach a contract as a condition of employment. That is
> probably illegal in many places.
>
I'm sort of waiting for a company to get sued for exactly this reason.
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On 23/05/2012 02:33 AM, Kevin Wampler wrote:
> I'm sort of waiting for a company to get sued for exactly this reason.
Because that, apparently, is how the law works. The result of one court
case determines what the law is, and until that court case happens, the
law is undefined.
And here I was thinking that the law-makers define the law...
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On Wed, 23 May 2012 09:08:11 +0100, Invisible wrote:
> On 23/05/2012 02:33 AM, Kevin Wampler wrote:
>
>> I'm sort of waiting for a company to get sued for exactly this reason.
>
> Because that, apparently, is how the law works. The result of one court
> case determines what the law is, and until that court case happens, the
> law is undefined.
>
> And here I was thinking that the law-makers define the law...
Lawmakers define law. The courts interpret it - and sometimes interpret
it to mean something other than what the lawmakers wrote it to mean.
Jim
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Le 23/05/2012 17:28, Jim Henderson a écrit :
> On Wed, 23 May 2012 09:08:11 +0100, Invisible wrote:
>
>> On 23/05/2012 02:33 AM, Kevin Wampler wrote:
>>
>>> I'm sort of waiting for a company to get sued for exactly this reason.
>>
>> Because that, apparently, is how the law works. The result of one court
>> case determines what the law is, and until that court case happens, the
>> law is undefined.
>>
>> And here I was thinking that the law-makers define the law...
>
> Lawmakers define law. The courts interpret it - and sometimes interpret
> it to mean something other than what the lawmakers wrote it to mean.
>
> Jim
Lawmakers define law, for reasonnable people.
Courts have to deal with perverts that seek and abuse holes in the
letter of the law. So, they must pave the void in the law with
interpretation.
What if... a law stated :"storing an apple is the right of any citizen
in town."
reasonnable people might have at home an apple or some pounds of them.
But perverts might make a business of storing hundred of tons of apples
at a common place.
Now the issue is that apples would expell ethylen gaz as part of their
aging. one apple is fine, but too many in a not-ventilated room.. there
is a fire-hazard... the court has to state about that: the law says
storing of apple is ok, but maybe large storing of apple need a bit of
regulation, or not.
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> Lawmakers define law. The courts interpret it - and sometimes interpret
> it to mean something other than what the lawmakers wrote it to mean.
Interestingly, I have some experience in this direction.
Under lab regulations, you have to have written procedures for certain
things. Once you write such a procedure, it becomes a "law" as such. If
you don't follow that procedure, hypothetically you could go to jail.
[Although that's rather unlikely in practise.]
Before the procedure goes into effect, it has to go through a long
convoluted bureaucratic collaboration and approval process. But once the
procedure is "issued", it becomes law. Whatever the procedure says,
that's what you have to do.
Usually this isn't a problem. The problems start when some unusual
circumstance that the procedure writer hadn't considered occurs. Then
you get people standing around scratching their heads and interpreting
the hell out of the actual written text of the procedure.
You would think that in the event of an unusual circumstance, the
scientists running the experiment would be expected to use their best
judgement to determine the most scientifically sound course of action.
You would be wrong. Instead, the scientists are required to blindly
follow the procedure document, no matter how stupid that is. The
impetus, then, is on the procedure writers to write procedures which
take into account every possible unusual circumstance that could ever
occur in the history of civilisation.
OTOH, nobody tries to subvert procedures "on purpose". I gather people
actually do that with laws. ;-)
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> What if... a law stated :"storing an apple is the right of any citizen
> in town."
>
> reasonnable people might have at home an apple or some pounds of them.
The same in UK law about red traffic lights. It a specific offence to
cross the line on the road next to a traffic light if it is showing red.
But there is no specific definition of "cross", eg what if you were
half over it as the red light came on, what if you drove around the side
of it (to avoid physically crossing the line), what if you are crossing
the line on red to allow an emergency vehicle to continue on its way,
does rolling the front two wheels over the line count, etc.
It would be a big waste of time (and almost impossible) to write every
single law in enough detail to cover every single possibility. In
fringe cases the court is there to interpret and enforce what it
considers the purpose/intention of the law.
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On 24/05/2012 01:56 PM, scott wrote:
> It would be a big waste of time (and almost impossible) to write every
> single law in enough detail to cover every single possibility. In fringe
> cases the court is there to interpret and enforce what it considers the
> purpose/intention of the law.
And here I was thinking that the lawyers are paid to interpret the law
in whatever way makes their rich client Not Guilty...
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>> It would be a big waste of time (and almost impossible) to write every
>> single law in enough detail to cover every single possibility. In fringe
>> cases the court is there to interpret and enforce what it considers the
>> purpose/intention of the law.
>
> And here I was thinking that the lawyers are paid to interpret the law
> in whatever way makes their rich client Not Guilty...
Of course having better lawyers than the other side helps, especially in
complex cases.
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scott <sco### [at] scott com> wrote:
> Of course having better lawyers than the other side helps, especially in
> complex cases.
Screw the rules, I have money!
--
- Warp
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Le 2012-05-25 03:51, Warp a écrit :
> scott<sco### [at] scott com> wrote:
>> Of course having better lawyers than the other side helps, especially in
>> complex cases.
>
> Screw the rules, I have money!
>
That's the Golden rule. He who has the gold, makes the rules.
--
/*Francois Labreque*/#local a=x+y;#local b=x+a;#local c=a+b;#macro P(F//
/* flabreque */L)polygon{5,F,F+z,L+z,L,F pigment{rgb 9}}#end union
/* @ */{P(0,a)P(a,b)P(b,c)P(2*a,2*b)P(2*b,b+c)P(b+c,<2,3>)
/* gmail.com */}camera{orthographic location<6,1.25,-6>look_at a }
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Francois Labreque <fla### [at] videotron ca> wrote:
> Le 2012-05-25 03:51, Warp a écrit :
> > scott<sco### [at] scott com> wrote:
> >> Of course having better lawyers than the other side helps, especially in
> >> complex cases.
> >
> > Screw the rules, I have money!
> >
> That's the Golden rule. He who has the gold, makes the rules.
And history is written by the victors.
--
- Warp
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On 5/25/2012 6:35 AM, Warp wrote:
>
> And history is written by the victors.
>
Specifically by Victor Ehrenberg and Victor Davis Hanson, among others.
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On 5/23/2012 8:28, Jim Henderson wrote:
> Lawmakers define law. The courts interpret it - and sometimes interpret
> it to mean something other than what the lawmakers wrote it to mean.
Or they often have to interpret it to decide whether a particular case is
covered. (Hence the term "case law".)
For example: The carpool lane can only be used by a car with at least two
passengers. Does a hearse with a driver and a dead body count? Does a woman
8 months pregnant count?
Or, from an Oracle/Google point of view, can you copyright an API?
The lawmakers can pass new laws to override cases that got decided in a way
they didn't like, if they want, so yes, the lawmakers make the laws.
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
"Oh no! We're out of code juice!"
"Don't panic. There's beans and filters
in the cabinet."
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Le 2012-05-26 22:05, Darren New a écrit :
> On 5/23/2012 8:28, Jim Henderson wrote:
>> Lawmakers define law. The courts interpret it - and sometimes interpret
>> it to mean something other than what the lawmakers wrote it to mean.
>
> Or they often have to interpret it to decide whether a particular case
> is covered. (Hence the term "case law".)
>
> For example: The carpool lane can only be used by a car with at least
> two passengers. Does a hearse with a driver and a dead body count? Does
> a woman 8 months pregnant count?
If the 8-month pregnant woman qualifies for using the carpool lane, she
can also be fined for driving with a child on her lap.
--
/*Francois Labreque*/#local a=x+y;#local b=x+a;#local c=a+b;#macro P(F//
/* flabreque */L)polygon{5,F,F+z,L+z,L,F pigment{rgb 9}}#end union
/* @ */{P(0,a)P(a,b)P(b,c)P(2*a,2*b)P(2*b,b+c)P(b+c,<2,3>)
/* gmail.com */}camera{orthographic location<6,1.25,-6>look_at a }
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On Mon, 28 May 2012 08:25:36 -0400, Francois Labreque wrote:
> If the 8-month pregnant woman qualifies for using the carpool lane, she
> can also be fined for driving with a child on her lap.
Technically the child isn't on her lap.
Jim
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Le 2012-05-28 14:33, Jim Henderson a écrit :
> On Mon, 28 May 2012 08:25:36 -0400, Francois Labreque wrote:
>
>> If the 8-month pregnant woman qualifies for using the carpool lane, she
>> can also be fined for driving with a child on her lap.
>
> Technically the child isn't on her lap.
>
> Jim
In my province, a child has to be in a car seat until he or she is 63cm
(25in) from the seat to the top of the head, so she could still be fined
for having an unrestrained kid in the car.
Also, she still can't use the car pool lane has you have to have two (in
some cases three) people of driving age to be able to use it. The goal
is to reduce the number of cars on the roads. An infant can't drive a
car by herself, therefore her mom does not qualify to use the carpool
lane, as the baby's presence has no bearing on the number of cars used
by that family.
--
/*Francois Labreque*/#local a=x+y;#local b=x+a;#local c=a+b;#macro P(F//
/* flabreque */L)polygon{5,F,F+z,L+z,L,F pigment{rgb 9}}#end union
/* @ */{P(0,a)P(a,b)P(b,c)P(2*a,2*b)P(2*b,b+c)P(b+c,<2,3>)
/* gmail.com */}camera{orthographic location<6,1.25,-6>look_at a }
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On Tue, 29 May 2012 08:24:41 -0400, Francois Labreque wrote:
> In my province, a child has to be in a car seat until he or she is 63cm
> (25in) from the seat to the top of the head, so she could still be fined
> for having an unrestrained kid in the car.
It's not like she can take the kid out and place it in a child safety
seat.
> Also, she still can't use the car pool lane has you have to have two (in
> some cases three) people of driving age to be able to use it. The goal
> is to reduce the number of cars on the roads. An infant can't drive a
> car by herself, therefore her mom does not qualify to use the carpool
> lane, as the baby's presence has no bearing on the number of cars used
> by that family.
Yes, and that is something that IMHO makes sense. But if the law doesn't
specify that, then generally the cops aren't going to pull someone over
(especially as most cops really dislike having to do paperwork) unless
the situation is particularly egregious.
Seeing one person in the car would be such a situation for a cop on
enforcement duty for a HOV lane.
Jim
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On 28/05/2012 07:33 PM, Jim Henderson wrote:
> On Mon, 28 May 2012 08:25:36 -0400, Francois Labreque wrote:
>
>> If the 8-month pregnant woman qualifies for using the carpool lane, she
>> can also be fined for driving with a child on her lap.
>
> Technically the child isn't on her lap.
Kids on the backseat cause accidents.
Accidents on the backseat cause kids.
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On 5/23/2012 3:08 AM, Invisible wrote:
> On 23/05/2012 02:33 AM, Kevin Wampler wrote:
>
>> I'm sort of waiting for a company to get sued for exactly this reason.
>
> Because that, apparently, is how the law works. The result of one court
> case determines what the law is, and until that court case happens, the
> law is undefined.
>
> And here I was thinking that the law-makers define the law...
They do. And some people have learned that you don't worry about a law
until you see whether and how it will be enforced.
And of course some people in authority (like HR folks and high school
principals) have a hard time anticipating that something they regard as
a grand idea may in fact be entirely contrary to the law.
Regards,
John
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On 5/29/2012 5:24, Francois Labreque wrote:
> Le 2012-05-28 14:33, Jim Henderson a écrit :
>> On Mon, 28 May 2012 08:25:36 -0400, Francois Labreque wrote:
>>
>>> If the 8-month pregnant woman qualifies for using the carpool lane, s
he
>>> can also be fined for driving with a child on her lap.
>>
>> Technically the child isn't on her lap.
>>
>> Jim
>
> In my province, a child has to be in a car seat until he or she is 63cm
> (25in) from the seat to the top of the head, so she could still be fine
d for
> having an unrestrained kid in the car.
>
> Also, she still can't use the car pool lane has you have to have two (i
n
> some cases three) people of driving age to be able to use it. The goal
is to
> reduce the number of cars on the roads. An infant can't drive a car by
> herself, therefore her mom does not qualify to use the carpool lane, as
the
> baby's presence has no bearing on the number of cars used by that famil
y.
>
And that's why laws vary between countries, eh?
In California, it's also about reducing pollution, so you're allowed to
drive electric and hybrid cars in the carpool lane by yourself.
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
"Oh no! We're out of code juice!"
"Don't panic. There's beans and filters
in the cabinet."
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On Sat, 02 Jun 2012 13:17:35 -0700, Darren New wrote:
> In California, it's also about reducing pollution, so you're allowed to
> drive electric and hybrid cars in the carpool lane by yourself.
Same is true here in Utah as well.
That seems to be becoming more common in the US (at least).
Jim
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