amjad wrote:
...
> In real life camera is a simple panning or tilting can be represented
> using the simple single rotation matrices?
...

The code below will do that for a perspective camera.

Tor Olav


// ===== 1 ======= 2 ======= 3 ======= 4 ======= 5 ======= 6 ======= 7
// Panning, Tilting and Rolling a perspective camera
// By Tor Olav Kristensen, 7. September 2004

#version 3.6;

#include "colors.inc"
#include "transforms.inc"

// ===== 1 ======= 2 ======= 3 ======= 4 ======= 5 ======= 6 ======= 7
// Something to look at

#declare pBoxCornerA = <1, 2, 1>;
#declare pBoxCornerB = <2, 3, 2>;

box {
   pBoxCornerA, pBoxCornerB
   pigment { color White }
}

#declare pBoxCenter = (pBoxCornerA + pBoxCornerB)/2;

// ===== 1 ======= 2 ======= 3 ======= 4 ======= 5 ======= 6 ======= 7

// Default camera parameters
#declare pLocation = 0*y;
#declare vDirection = z;
#declare vRight = 1.33*x;
#declare vUp = y;
#declare vSky = y;

/*
#declare DefaultCamera =
   camera {
     perspective
     location pLocation
     direction vDirection
     right vRight
     up vUp
     sky vSky
   }
*/

// Where to look from and where to look
#declare pLocation = <1, 2, -3>*2;
#declare pLookAt = pBoxCenter;

/*
// If POV-Ray where to calculate the new camera vectors
#declare LookAtCamera =
   camera {
     location pLocation
     look_at pLookAt
   }
*/

// Calculate the new camera vectors "manually"
#declare vLookAt = pLookAt - pLocation;
#declare vDirection = vlength(vDirection)*vnormalize(vLookAt);
#declare vRight = vlength(vRight)*vnormalize(vcross(vSky, vDirection));
#declare vUp = vlength(vUp)*vnormalize(vcross(vDirection, vRight));

#declare LookAtCamera =
   camera {
     location pLocation
     direction vDirection
     right vRight
     up vUp
   }

#declare Angle = 20; // Degrees

#declare PannedCamera =
   camera {
     LookAtCamera
     translate -pLocation
     Axis_Rotate_Trans(vUp, Angle)
     translate pLocation
   }

#declare TiltedCamera =
   camera {
     LookAtCamera
     translate -pLocation
     Axis_Rotate_Trans(vRight, Angle)
     translate pLocation
   }

#declare RolledCamera =
   camera {
     LookAtCamera
     translate -pLocation
     Axis_Rotate_Trans(vDirection, Angle)
     translate pLocation
   }

camera { LookAtCamera }
//camera { TiltedCamera }
//camera { PannedCamera }
//camera { RolledCamera }

light_source { <1, 2, -3>*100 color White }

background { color Blue/2 }

// ===== 1 ======= 2 ======= 3 ======= 4 ======= 5 ======= 6 ======= 7

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