http://www.afhalifax.ca/magazine/wp-content/sciences/EmpilementDeDisques/ProducingPacking/Initialization.pdf

and

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1005.0011.pdf

 "For generally
shaped particles, finding the densest packings is notoriously difficult. This
salient point is

we
cannot guess or even closely approximate the answer, let alone prove it, and it
is difficult to
develop even a qualitative understanding of the effects of grain shape on

Until recently, very little was known about the densest packings of polyhedral
particles. The
difficulty in obtaining dense packings of polyhedra is related to their complex
rotational
degrees of freedom and to the non-smooth nature of their shapes [28, 29]."

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