This is a very beautiful effect. It is especially impressive because the
'caustics' are not produced by 'normals' or actual geometry, but by simply
projecting a light_source through a sophisticated texture on a small sphere. I
did not think that such a realistic effect could be achieved that way.
Congratulations!

I have been playing with your code; thanks for posting it.

To get a 'smoother' (blurred) effect, try replacing your 'sonne' light_source
with this area_light; the scene will take a somewhat longer time to render, but
certainly not as slowly as using photons.

//sonne
light_source {
  <0,0,0>
  color rgb 5
  area_light
  <.14, 0, 0> <0, 0, .14> // adjust values larger or smaller
  5, 5
  adaptive 0
  jitter
  circular
  orient
  translate <-50, 200, 0>
}

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