> So when I used color Blue in the sphere definition, that's not enough? It was
> before.

I'm not sure about that syntax, it seems unusual but might
work accidentally in some case. Although I couldn't say if
it should have been valid for #version 3.5, in which case
this might indicate a downward compatibility issue.

> Oh and about the light source being right behind the camera, when I fixed that
> (see the current version of bollen-1.pov: I went from <0,0,-10000.0> to
> <20,10,-10.0>, in all respects that's not behind the camera, nor straight in
> front of it) the pov still rendered only a 2-tone image.

Behind the camera is not a problem, but if light source and
camera are on opposite sides of the object you see no or almost
no lighting (think "New Moon").

Correcting both issues in your original bollen-1.pov, i.e.

light_source: from <0.0,0.0,-10000.0> to <0.0,0.0,10000.0>

sphere: color Blue to pigment {color Blue}

yields a sphere that shows up with a blue center (fading
into dark blue / black near the rim due to shading, which
looks very black against the white background).

> If someone could render the povs I mentioned

You're making this extra hard for everyone by using
two includes file for your two sample scenes, and only
posting the link to the pov (and as an afterthough in
another post a link to one of the two include files).
But to actually render bollen-1.pov I had to guess
the URL assuming it also had an include file posted.

Zip files are good, and simplified short one-file
sample scenes are even much better.

> just by default telling me to read the manual

because you obviously haven't done so, and it will save
you and us a lot of time if you do this first. This assumes
you are interesting in learning and using povray, in which case
ou should write less convoluted test scenes by hand to narrow
down the problem and make it easier pose an exact question.

On the other hand, you might not wish to be a povray user
but an Art of Illusion user, in which case the problem is:
Why doesn't the povray export result in something that
renders from what you create in Art of Illusion. Then you
are in the wrong place to ask questions here, rather you
should contact the authors of the export plugin.

On this it also depends how to proceed if you desire
further assistance in creating a special shape such as
a ball with letters cut out ... do you wish to model it
in some software and use povray as backend, or do you
wish to learn how povray does it.

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