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You know when somebody says that something is "astronomically big"?
...well, it turns out astronomers use some pretty freakin' big numbers!! o_O
Anyway, I have collected the following series of numbers from Wolfram Alpha:
6.5 10^9 Number of people currently alive.
1.1 10^11 Number of people who have ever lived.
3 10^11 Number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy.
2 10^13 Number of red blood cells in an adult human.
10^21 Number of grains of sand on Earth (currently).
6.0 10^23 Number of atoms in 12 g of Carbon-12.
5.2 10^49 Number of possible chess positions.
8.1 10^53 Number of elements in The Monster Group.
10^80 Number of atoms in the observable universe.
I note there's quite a few gaps in there, so I turned to Wikipedia to
try to fill them. Check these out:
4.33 10^19 Number of valid combinations for a Rubik's Cube.
8 10^10 Number of galaxies in the universe.
5 10^22 Number of stars in the universe.
4 10^11 Number of stars in a "typical" galaxy.
10^57 Number of H atoms in a "typical" star.
4 10^68 Number of H atoms in a "typical" galaxy.
2 10^30 Kg Mass of a "typical" star.
4 10^41 Kg Mass of a "typical" galaxy.
3 10^52 Kg Mass of the observable universe (exluding Dark Matter).
So, there's a few numbers there.
With suitable queries, you can also get Wolfram Alpha to spit out the
following numbers:
8.8 10^26 m Diammeter of the observable universe.
4.32 10^17 s Age of the universe.
3 10^22 m^3 Volume of the observable universe.
These are harder to get though.
So far, I have yet to find anything outside mathematics that even
remotely approaches a googol.
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Invisible wrote:
> 3 10^22 m^3 Volume of the observable universe.
Erm, no.
3 * 10^80 m^3
(Jesus, I wonder what else I got wrong?)
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I think I can add another number to my list: How many pharmacutical
analysts does it take to do a 9 year old girl's school homework? :-P
(Seriously, these two ladies are confusing the stud out of themselves
with these long division problems...)
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Invisible wrote:
> So far, I have yet to find anything outside mathematics that even
> remotely approaches a googol.
256^307200 Number of unique 8-bit 640x480 images.
Assuming flat greyscale, 0=black, 255=white, how many are recognisable
as 'something'? How many of those are similar apart from 'noise',
rotation, and other minor distortion? How many of those are legible
text? ...that are of a monkey at a typewriter that visibly contains a
phrase from Shakespeare? etc
--
Tim Cook
http://empyrean.freesitespace.net
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"Invisible" <voi### [at] dev null> wrote in message
news:4a30e22e@news.povray.org...
> 5 10^22 Number of stars in the universe.
5 10^30 Number of bacteria on the planet Earth
Assuming bacteria is not unique to this planet how many bacteria inhabit the
known universe?
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On 11-6-2009 12:53, Invisible wrote:
> You know when somebody says that something is "astronomically big"?
>
> ...well, it turns out astronomers use some pretty freakin' big numbers!!
> o_O
>
>
>
> Anyway, I have collected the following series of numbers from Wolfram
> Alpha:
>
> 1.1 10^11 Number of people who have ever lived.
I don't believe that number. I think if you add all people since the
last ice age you get someting like 10-20 e9. This number also seems to
assume that there have been on average .5-1 million people on this earth
for the past 2 million years or so (half that if you think mankind is 4
million years old). I'd like to see evidence for that.
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Invisible wrote:
> 6.0 10^23 Number of atoms in 12 g of Carbon-12.
You realize why this number is important, right? :-)
> 8.1 10^53 Number of elements in The Monster Group.
I haven't any idea what this is. :-)
<google> Oh, see, this is the sort of thing I'd have to spend a day chasing
references around to even figure out what this means.
> 4 10^68 Number of H atoms in a "typical" galaxy.
> 4 10^41 Kg Mass of a "typical" galaxy.
68-23=45 45-3=42. One power of ten missing.
> 3 10^52 Kg Mass of the observable universe (exluding Dark Matter).
I wonder if they're just talking about rest mass or what.
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
Insanity is a small city on the western
border of the State of Mind.
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>> 6.0 10^23 Number of atoms in 12 g of Carbon-12.
>
> You realize why this number is important, right? :-)
What, Avagadro's number? (Or however the hell you spell it...)
>> 8.1 10^53 Number of elements in The Monster Group.
>
> I haven't any idea what this is. :-)
>
> <google> Oh, see, this is the sort of thing I'd have to spend a day
> chasing references around to even figure out what this means.
Apparently, there's a class of groups which can be completely classified
into something like 6 different kinds, except for a small handful of
unique groups that don't fit this classification. The "monster group" is
the largest such - and it's frickin' HUGE!
Wait - you know what a group is, right?
>> 4 10^68 Number of H atoms in a "typical" galaxy.
>
>> 4 10^41 Kg Mass of a "typical" galaxy.
>
> 68-23=45 45-3=42. One power of ten missing.
I fail.
>> 3 10^52 Kg Mass of the observable universe (exluding Dark Matter).
>
> I wonder if they're just talking about rest mass or what.
I'm fairly sure it's rest mass, yes. Basically, number of atoms times
mass of an atom.
--
http://blog.orphi.me.uk/
http://www.zazzle.com/MathematicalOrchid*
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Orchid XP v8 wrote:
>>> 6.0 10^23 Number of atoms in 12 g of Carbon-12.
>>
>> You realize why this number is important, right? :-)
>
> What, Avagadro's number? (Or however the hell you spell it...)
Yes. You know why anyone cares about Avagadro's number? I.e., what the basic
thing it's measuring is?
> Wait - you know what a group is, right?
Vaguely. I'd have to look up the definition again to be sure I'm not
confusing it with a ring or field or something. My higher-level alegbra is
way old. :-)
>>> 4 10^68 Number of H atoms in a "typical" galaxy.
>>
>>> 4 10^41 Kg Mass of a "typical" galaxy.
>>
>> 68-23=45 45-3=42. One power of ten missing.
>
> I fail.
No, it just means that either measurements are very sloppy, that "typical"
means something different in those sentences, or there's 10x times as much
mass in a galaxy as their is mass in the H atoms of the galaxy. Which isn't
completely impossible - see "giant black holes", "dark matter",
"relativity", etc.
> I'm fairly sure it's rest mass, yes. Basically, number of atoms times
> mass of an atom.
Yeah. :-)
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
Insanity is a small city on the western
border of the State of Mind.
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Darren New wrote:
> Orchid XP v8 wrote:
>>>> 6.0 10^23 Number of atoms in 12 g of Carbon-12.
>>>
>>> You realize why this number is important, right? :-)
>>
>> What, Avagadro's number? (Or however the hell you spell it...)
>
> Yes. You know why anyone cares about Avagadro's number? I.e., what the
> basic thing it's measuring is?
Number of atoms? (Or sometimes ions, or subatomic particles of some
kind. Make sure you specify; it kinda makes a difference.)
>> Wait - you know what a group is, right?
>
> Vaguely. I'd have to look up the definition again to be sure I'm not
> confusing it with a ring or field or something. My higher-level alegbra
> is way old. :-)
There's a whole zoo of algebraic systems (I think that's the term) -
monoids, semigroups, groupoids, groups, rings, fields, etc. They're all
essentially the same "thing", just with differing numbers of properties
guaranteed.
Personally, I only bother with fields and groups. A group is closed,
associative, and possesses a unique identity element and an inverse
element for every member. An Abelien group or commutative group is...
self-explanatory, actually?
>>> 68-23=45 45-3=42. One power of ten missing.
>>
>> I fail.
>
> No, it just means that either measurements are very sloppy, that
> "typical" means something different in those sentences, or there's 10x
> times as much mass in a galaxy as their is mass in the H atoms of the
> galaxy. Which isn't completely impossible - see "giant black holes",
> "dark matter", "relativity", etc.
More likely I copied the number out wrong...
--
http://blog.orphi.me.uk/
http://www.zazzle.com/MathematicalOrchid*
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Invisible <voi### [at] devnull> wrote:
> 4.33 10^19 Number of valid combinations for a Rubik's Cube.
I think the correct term is permutations, rather than combinations.
(There *is* a difference between these two terms. They certainly are not
synonyms.)
Btw, the classic Rubik's Cube has about 4.33*10^19 permutations, but if
you mark the pieces such that their orientation becomes discernible and
thus part of the correct solution (relevant only with the center pieces,
but the other pieces also have to be marked in order to distinguish the
proper orientation for the center pieces), the total number of permutations
increases to 8.9*10^22. In other words, there will be a bit over 2000 times
the amount of permutations, making it slightly more difficult to solve.
The Rubik's Revenge has about 7.4*10^45 permutations, ie. about 10^26
times more than the Rubik's Cube. Curiously, though, it's only slightly
more difficult to solve. The solving difficulty is in no way related to
the increased number of permutations.
(The main reason why Rubik's Revenge is only slightly more difficult to
solve than the Rubik's Cube is that the former can be partially solved to
a state where it becomes completely equivalent to the latter, after which
Rubik's Cube solving techniques can be used to solve it. Thus all the
additional techniques you need to solve Rubik's Revenge are the ones needed
to make it equivalent to the Rubik's Cube. Then just solve the it like the
Rubik's Cube.)
(Ok, there's one slight difference: With the Rubik's Revenge it's possible
for a single "edge piece" (which in this case will be an edge piece pair) to
end up in the wrong orientation, which is impossible in the Rubik's Cube.
However, it can be turned around with a fixed sequence which you can
memorize.)
Likewise larger versions of the cube exhibit the same phenomenon: The
amount of permutations grows exponentially, but solving them doesn't
become significantly more difficult. Only the amount of rotations needed
increases with the size of the cube, but the same principles can be applied
to all cubes from 5x5x5 up.
--
- Warp
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> You know when somebody says that something is "astronomically big"?
>
> ...well, it turns out astronomers use some pretty freakin' big numbers!!
> o_O
Yeah, the US national debt is about $11.3*10^12 ...
or $113 for every star in the milky way,
or $1738 for every person alive on earth,
or ¢56 for every red blood cell in Obama's veins.
I guess that makes it astronomically big.
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Orchid XP v8 wrote:
> Number of atoms? (Or sometimes ions, or subatomic particles of some
> kind. Make sure you specify; it kinda makes a difference.)
12 grams of carbon-12. Avagadro's number is the number of neutrons in one
gram of neutrons. 1/A is the weight of a neutron.
They specify "carbon 12" because not all neutrons weigh the same amount, due
to E=Mc^2.
> There's a whole zoo of algebraic systems (I think that's the term) -
> monoids, semigroups, groupoids, groups, rings, fields, etc. They're all
> essentially the same "thing", just with differing numbers of properties
> guaranteed.
Right. I'd have to go look up the details.
> Personally, I only bother with fields and groups. A group is closed,
> associative, and possesses a unique identity element and an inverse
> element for every member. An Abelien group or commutative group is...
> self-explanatory, actually?
That was my memory, yes.
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
Insanity is a small city on the western
border of the State of Mind.
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Orchid XP v8 wrote:
>>> 8.1 10^53 Number of elements in The Monster Group.
>>
>> I haven't any idea what this is. :-)
>>
>> <google> Oh, see, this is the sort of thing I'd have to spend a day
>> chasing references around to even figure out what this means.
>
> Apparently, there's a class of groups which can be completely classified
> into something like 6 different kinds, except for a small handful of
> unique groups that don't fit this classification. The "monster group" is
> the largest such - and it's frickin' HUGE!
oh good! I tried to mentally count the weight of Frankenstein, Medusa,
Hydra and others but quickly realized it wouldn't quite fit. :)
>>> 3 10^52 Kg Mass of the observable universe (exluding Dark Matter).
>>
>> I wonder if they're just talking about rest mass or what.
>
> I'm fairly sure it's rest mass, yes. Basically, number of atoms times
> mass of an atom.
It's quite heavy. Perhaps we should do a galaxy jump day to relief a
bit of that weight from Atlas' boss' shoulders. ;)
BTW, astromonical was truly devilish... :P
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Ken wrote:
>
> "Invisible" <voi### [at] devnull> wrote in message
> news:4a30e22e@news.povray.org...
>> 5 10^22 Number of stars in the universe.
>
> 5 10^30 Number of bacteria on the planet Earth
>
> Assuming bacteria is not unique to this planet how many bacteria inhabit
> the known universe?
According to the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, the universe is
infinite so it's overall population is 0 because whatever astronomical
number n you put for the number of people/animal/bacteria/whatever it's
still n/universe_size, which turns in n/infinite, thus yielding 0 or
very close. :)
that's why it's so quiet out there... :P
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Tim Attwood wrote:
> Yeah, the US national debt is about $11.3*10^12 ...
>
> or $113 for every star in the milky way,
> or $1738 for every person alive on earth,
> or ¢56 for every red blood cell in Obama's veins.
>
> I guess that makes it astronomically big.
Can debt be said to physically exist?
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Warp wrote:
> Invisible <voi### [at] devnull> wrote:
>> 4.33 10^19 Number of valid combinations for a Rubik's Cube.
>
> I think the correct term is permutations, rather than combinations.
Each side of the cube contains a combination of coloured squares. These
combinations are created by permutating the arrangements of squares on
the whole cube. So... whatever.
> Likewise larger versions of the cube exhibit the same phenomenon: The
> amount of permutations grows exponentially, but solving them doesn't
> become significantly more difficult. Only the amount of rotations needed
> increases with the size of the cube, but the same principles can be applied
> to all cubes from 5x5x5 up.
By complete coincidence:
http://arxivblog.com/?p=332
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Invisible <voi### [at] devnull> wrote:
> http://arxivblog.com/?p=332
Firefox warns about that website.
http://safebrowsing.clients.google.com/safebrowsing/diagnostic?client=Firefox&hl=en-US&site=http://arxivblog.com/?p=332
--
- Warp
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Warp wrote:
> Invisible <voi### [at] devnull> wrote:
>> http://arxivblog.com/?p=332
>
> Firefox warns about that website.
>
>
http://safebrowsing.clients.google.com/safebrowsing/diagnostic?client=Firefox&hl=en-US&site=http://arxivblog.com/?p=332
You know, I'd hate to be in charge of writing a program to do that sort of
detection. That just sounds like an awful, tedious, but nevertheless highly
valuable application.
--
Darren New, San Diego CA, USA (PST)
Insanity is a small city on the western
border of the State of Mind.
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On 06/13/09 13:06, Darren New wrote:
> Warp wrote:
>> Invisible <voi### [at] devnull> wrote:
>>> http://arxivblog.com/?p=332
>>
>> Firefox warns about that website.
>>
>>
http://safebrowsing.clients.google.com/safebrowsing/diagnostic?client=Firefox&hl=en-US&site=http://arxivblog.com/?p=332
>>
>
> You know, I'd hate to be in charge of writing a program to do that sort
> of detection. That just sounds like an awful, tedious, but nevertheless
> highly valuable application.
It's a helpful service. It's helpful as long as there are almost no
false positives - even if it's poor at detecting true positives.
I had a Wordpress blog on my site once. I stopped doing anything with
it, and someone pointed out that FF was giving this error (I hadn't gone
to it for months). Sure enough, there had been a WP exploit and the blog
had been hacked.
--
Psychoceramics: The study of crackpots.
/\ /\ /\ /
/ \/ \ u e e n / \/ a w a z
>>>>>>mue### [at] nawazorg<<<<<<
anl
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>> Yeah, the US national debt is about $11.3*10^12 ...
>>
>> or $113 for every star in the milky way,
>> or $1738 for every person alive on earth,
>> or ¢56 for every red blood cell in Obama's veins.
>>
>> I guess that makes it astronomically big.
>
> Can debt be said to physically exist?
Yeah, it's information, which means debt physically exists.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_physics
Most of it's probably on some bank computers.
The bigger question is should debt exist.
IMO any system that includes fractional reserve
banking is prone to catastrophic failure.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking
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On Sat, 13 Jun 2009 15:01:18 -0500, Mueen Nawaz wrote:
> I had a Wordpress blog on my site once. I stopped doing anything with
> it, and someone pointed out that FF was giving this error (I hadn't gone
> to it for months). Sure enough, there had been a WP exploit and the blog
> had been hacked.
I hate when that happens. I maintained a PHP-Nuke website for a few
years, and it sat hacked by some Turkish group for who knows how long. A
friend of mine who happened to be looking up an article I'd written and
put on the site told me about it.
Jim
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On 06/13/09 18:03, Jim Henderson wrote:
> I hate when that happens. I maintained a PHP-Nuke website for a few
> years, and it sat hacked by some Turkish group for who knows how long. A
> friend of mine who happened to be looking up an article I'd written and
> put on the site told me about it.
I can think of only two solutions:
1. Write your own web apps. Doesn't really protect against exploits, but
I suspect you have greater control in the matter.
2. Subscribe to any relevant feeds of all the web software you've
installed. Hopefully they all have some feed or other, and not just
mailing lists.
--
All I ask is for a chance to prove that money can't make me happy.
/\ /\ /\ /
/ \/ \ u e e n / \/ a w a z
>>>>>>mue### [at] nawazorg<<<<<<
anl
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On Sat, 13 Jun 2009 18:28:16 -0500, Mueen Nawaz wrote:
> 1. Write your own web apps. Doesn't really protect against exploits, but
> I suspect you have greater control in the matter.
>
> 2. Subscribe to any relevant feeds of all the web software you've
> installed. Hopefully they all have some feed or other, and not just
> mailing lists.
Well, #3, back the system up (I did) and check it daily to make sure it
hasn't been defaced. Then you can restore the backup and follow-up by
making sure the relevant exploit is patched.
Or related to #1, use something that's more secure than PHP-Nuke ever has
been. :-)
Jim
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>> http://arxivblog.com/?p=332
>
> Firefox warns about that website.
Really?
Hmm. Oh well, you're not missing much...
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