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On 11-2-2016 3:35, Sven Littkowski wrote:
> Hi,
>
> does anyone have a realistic way to simulate air and water?
>
> For the air, it should make everything fading in distance to a air blue
> and behave in all other ways also like atmosphere.
>
> And the water should have transparency that becomes more bluish in
> distance, simply like real water, too.
>
> I intend to use both inside a cylinder, where the air would be in the
> shape of a cylinder, and the water in the shape of a difference
> (cylinder/cylinder).
>
> Thanks a lot for your help.
>
The keyword for both is: media.
If you want to learn about POV-Ray, I suggest you first experiment
deeply with the technique involved and then show us the results
(successes and failures).
--
Thomas
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Yes, I have used Media in a few cases before. But I find it hard, to
make it having the colors I want, and I indeed (here you're right) don't
have much understanding on how to work with it.
The media I need, would me of a cylindrical shape, thus I would create a
cylinder and fill it with media, that I know. But beyond that, there is
the vast void that I have to conquer, thus I need help to develop the
technologies for that. ;-)
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On 2/11/2016 11:10 AM, Sven Littkowski wrote:
> Yes, I have used Media in a few cases before. But I find it hard, to
> make it having the colors I want, and I indeed (here you're right) don't
> have much understanding on how to work with it.
>
> The media I need, would me of a cylindrical shape, thus I would create a
> cylinder and fill it with media, that I know. But beyond that, there is
> the vast void that I have to conquer, thus I need help to develop the
> technologies for that. ;-)
>
You can only get a generalised help. From my experience every time I use
media I have to relearn how to use it. It seems to me that each
different usage requires different settings.
--
Regards
Stephen
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On 11-2-2016 12:10, Sven Littkowski wrote:
> Yes, I have used Media in a few cases before. But I find it hard, to
> make it having the colors I want, and I indeed (here you're right) don't
> have much understanding on how to work with it.
>
> The media I need, would me of a cylindrical shape, thus I would create a
> cylinder and fill it with media, that I know. But beyond that, there is
> the vast void that I have to conquer, thus I need help to develop the
> technologies for that. ;-)
>
As for the air, I would say that a scattering media with a slightly
bluish tint would do the trick. Water is more tricky as it involves
absorption (red I would guess) in addition to scattering.
--
Thomas
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Yes, that is exactly the reason, why I find it so difficult to use,
despite of the gains it has.
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Thanks. There are two keywords in it, which will help me now to
investigate better: scattering and absorption.
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On 11-2-2016 13:45, Sven Littkowski wrote:
> Thanks. There are two keywords in it, which will help me now to
> investigate better: scattering and absorption.
>
With scattering you might also need to scatter a reddish/orange colour
to get blue. I think I was wrong in my previous post.
Good starting point for air and water are - as always:
http://www.f-lohmueller.de/pov_tut/
http://www.imagico.de/pov/water/water04.php
--
Thomas
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On 2/11/2016 12:45 PM, Sven Littkowski wrote:
> Thanks. There are two keywords in it, which will help me now to
> investigate better: scattering and absorption.
>
There is also emission which you could use for the central light source.
I was going to mention Rune Johansen's "electric.inc" but that uses the
glow keyword which requires MegaPov. So it will not work with the
official PovRay.
Nevertheless Rune's site does have some good include files that you
might find useful. I often use his Grass Tex Include File and his
Particle System is good too.
--
Regards
Stephen
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On 2/11/2016 2:41 PM, Stephen wrote:
> Rune's site
Oops!
http://runevision.com/3d/
--
Regards
Stephen
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Lohmueller and Imagico give a good tutorial on water. That was a good help.
Lohmueller has a tutorial only about clouds, but I need something
different, interior or media or so, for the entire air body.
Still trying to find some ways to create an atmosphere...
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Le 16-02-10 21:35, Sven Littkowski a écrit :
> Hi,
>
> does anyone have a realistic way to simulate air and water?
>
> For the air, it should make everything fading in distance to a air blue
> and behave in all other ways also like atmosphere.
>
> And the water should have transparency that becomes more bluish in
> distance, simply like real water, too.
>
> I intend to use both inside a cylinder, where the air would be in the
> shape of a cylinder, and the water in the shape of a difference
> (cylinder/cylinder).
>
> Thanks a lot for your help.
>
For air, use a low density scattering media with a blueish tint, like
rgb<0.5, 0.7, 1>
Make sure that your container have the hollow option enabled. Simply
adding "hollow" is enough.
A quick and dirty alternative is the use of fog with the appropriate
colour. fog is fast and never interact with your light sources. It will
affect shadowed areas in the same way it affect lighted areas.
Appropriate for testing in the composition phase.
For the water, you can also use media, but, you can also use colour fading.
Adding refraction is crutial to get beleiveable water. Refraction is
turned on by having an ior in the interior block.
interior{ior 1.33 // typical water ior
fade_colour <0.4, 0.66, 0.9>
fade_distance SomeDistanceValue
fade_power 1 // or 1001
}
Adjust "SomeDistanceValue" as needed to get the result that you want.
Fading is compatible with the use of media.
You don't need the media if you want to model very limpid water, but
media is required if the water is to have any turbidity.
Colour fading is fast, very fast compared with scattering media, so, the
testing won't take much time.
Alain
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Le 16-02-11 09:41, Stephen a écrit :
> On 2/11/2016 12:45 PM, Sven Littkowski wrote:
>> Thanks. There are two keywords in it, which will help me now to
>> investigate better: scattering and absorption.
>>
>
> There is also emission which you could use for the central light source.
> I was going to mention Rune Johansen's "electric.inc" but that uses the
> glow keyword which requires MegaPov. So it will not work with the
> official PovRay.
> Nevertheless Rune's site does have some good include files that you
> might find useful. I often use his Grass Tex Include File and his
> Particle System is good too.
>
For the glow, you can use emissive media with an appropriate pattern.
The spherical pattern is often the best suitted one, followed by
cylindrical.
media{emission Colour}
This gives you an uniform glowing media.
sphere{0, 1 pigment{rgbt 1}
hollow
media{emission Colour density{spherical}}
}
gives you a spherical glowing media, contained within an unit sphere,
that goes from full strength at the center and drop to zero at the
surface of the sphere.
Alain
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Thanks. :-)
Not bad. But in my scenario, it is a bit different: there is an
illuminated day" side inside that hollow cylinder, but also a dark
"night" side. The illumination is done already by light sources at the
moment, or an emissive image maybe in the future.
The medium I need, would not need to glow. But it should give that blue
"dust" to the distance, and be brighter around a light or emission source.
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For the air, I am trying to use he code below. But I am getting an error:
"Fatal Error in Renderer: A POV-Ray internal nesting limit was reached."
cylinder // Air
{
< 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > < 0.0, 0.0, 5000.0 > 1500.0
hollow
interior
{
ior 1.3
fade_distance 10
fade_power 1001
fade_color < 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 >
media
{
scattering
{
3
< 0.5, 0.65, 0.4 >
extinction 1.0
}
}
}
}
------------------------
For the water body, I am using successfully this (still dependent on the
blue of the future air medium):
difference // Water
{
cylinder { < 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > < 0.0, 0.0, 5000.0 > 1500.0 }
cylinder { < 0.0, 0.0, -0.1 > < 0.0, 0.0, 5000.1 > MyWaterLevel }
material
{
texture
{
pigment { color rgbt < 0.2, 0.7, 0.3, 0.5 > }
finish
{
ambient 0.0
diffuse 0.0
emission 0.0
reflection
{
0.0, 1.0
falloff 5
fresnel on
}
specular 0.4
roughness 0.003
}
normal
{
function { f_ridged_mf(x, y, z, 0.1, 3.0, 7, 0.7, 0.7, 2) } 0.8
scale 0.13
}
}
interior
{
ior 1.3
fade_distance 10
fade_power 1001
fade_color < 0.8, 0.2, 0.2, 0.5 >
media
{
// absorption < 0.8, 0.6, 1.0, 0.5 >
scattering
{
3
< 0.5, 0.65, 0.4 >
extinction 1.0
}
}
}
}
normal
{
function { f_ridged_mf(x, y, z, 0.1, 3.0, 7, 0.7, 0.7, 2) }
0.8
scale < 0.13, 0.4, 0.13 >
}
}
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UPDATE
For the air, I am using now successlessly the code below: it is just dark.
cylinder // Air
{
< 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > < 0.0, 0.0, 5000.0 > 1500.0
hollow
interior
{
media
{
scattering
{
3
< 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 >
extinction 1.0
}
}
}
}
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On 12-2-2016 7:34, Sven Littkowski wrote:
> UPDATE
>
> For the air, I am using now successlessly the code below: it is just dark.
>
Try this:
cylinder // Air
{
< 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > < 0.0, 0.0, 5.000 > 1.500
hollow
pigment {rgbt 1}
interior
{
media
{
scattering
{
1
< 1.0, 0.7, 0.5 >/1000
extinction 1.0
}
}
}
scale 1000
}
(1) Note the scaling of the cylinder /and/ of the scattering.
(2) I changed the scattering colour
(3) The cylinder needs a transparent pigment
--
Thomas
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On 12-2-2016 7:34, Sven Littkowski wrote:
> UPDATE
>
> For the air, I am using now successlessly the code below: it is just dark.
>
Try this:
cylinder // Air
{
< 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > < 0.0, 0.0, 5.000 > 1.500
hollow
pigment {rgbt 1}
interior
{
media
{
scattering
{
3
< 1.0, 0.7, 0.5 >/1000
extinction 1.0
}
}
}
scale 1000
}
(1) Note the scaling of the cylinder /and/ of the scattering.
(2) I changed the scattering colour
(3) The cylinder needs a transparent pigment
--
Thomas
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Note also that you can thicken or thinning the atmosphere by adding an
extra multiplicator to the scattering colour:
This will thicken the atmosphere:
scattering {3 < 1.0, 0.7, 0.5 >*1.5 /1000
extinction 1.0
}
This will thin it:
This will thicken the atmosphere:
scattering {3 < 1.0, 0.7, 0.5 >*0.5 /1000
extinction 1.0
}
--
Thomas
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Note also that you can thicken or thin the atmosphere by adding an extra
multiplicator to the scattering colour:
This will thicken the atmosphere:
scattering {3 < 1.0, 0.7, 0.5 >*1.5 /1000
extinction 1.0
}
This will thin it:
scattering {3 < 1.0, 0.7, 0.5 >*0.5 /1000
extinction 1.0
}
--
Thomas
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On 2/12/2016 8:26 AM, Thomas de Groot wrote:
> Note also that you can thicken or thin the atmosphere by adding an extra
> multiplicator to the scattering colour:
>
> This will thicken the atmosphere:
> scattering {3 < 1.0, 0.7, 0.5 >*1.5 /1000
> extinction 1.0
> }
>
> This will thin it:
> scattering {3 < 1.0, 0.7, 0.5 >*0.5 /1000
> extinction 1.0
> }
>
We are getting double posts from you, Thomas
--
Regards
Stephen
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On 12-2-2016 9:31, Stephen wrote:
> On 2/12/2016 8:26 AM, Thomas de Groot wrote:
>> Note also that you can thicken or thin the atmosphere by adding an extra
>> multiplicator to the scattering colour:
>>
>> This will thicken the atmosphere:
>> scattering {3 < 1.0, 0.7, 0.5 >*1.5 /1000
>> extinction 1.0
>> }
>>
>> This will thin it:
>> scattering {3 < 1.0, 0.7, 0.5 >*0.5 /1000
>> extinction 1.0
>> }
>>
>
> We are getting double posts from you, Thomas
>
Due to typing errors, I deleted my initial messages and sent the
corrected ones again. Apparently, Thunderbird correctly makes the
deletions invisible (at least for me) but not the website.
--
Thomas
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Update
I made some progress, but still have a problem: while seen from the
daytime position everything looks fine, the sunset and night positions
are not correct: no night darkness, and no sunset colors.
If you can help, please try. Thanks.
#version 3.7;
#include "macros.inc"
#include "shapes.inc"
#declare MyRadiosity = on; // on or off
#declare MediumRadiosity = on;
#declare FastRadiosity = off;
#declare CameraDaytime = on;
#declare CameraSunset = off; // Problem: doesn't look like sunset
#declare CameraNighttime = off; // Problem: doesn't look like sunset
#declare CameraOutside = off;
global_settings
{
#if(MyRadiosity)
radiosity
{
media on
pretrace_start 0.08
#if(FastRadiosity)
pretrace_end 0.015
#elseif(MediumRadiosity)
pretrace_end 0.008
#else
pretrace_end 0.001
#end
count 400
error_bound 0.75
recursion_limit 1
}
#end
adc_bailout 0.0039
ambient_light rgb < 1.000, 1.000, 1.000 >
assumed_gamma 1.000
irid_wavelength rgb < 0.250, 0.180, 0.140 >
max_trace_level 5
number_of_waves 10
noise_generator 3
charset ascii
}
#default { pigment { rgb 1.0 } finish { ambient 0.0 specular 1.0 } }
#if(CameraDaytime)
camera // Daytime Position Inside
{
location < 0.0, -1400.0, 100.0 >
look_at < 0.0, -1400.0, 200.0 >
right 1.77*x
}
#elseif(CameraSunset)
camera // Sunset Position Inside
{
location < 1400.0, 0.0, 100.0 >
look_at < 1400.0, 0.0, 200.0 >
right 1.77*x
}
#elseif(CameraNighttime)
camera // Nighttime Position Inside
{
location < 0.0, 1400.0, 100.0 >
look_at < 0.0, 1400.0, 200.0 >
right 1.77*x
}
#elseif(CameraOutside)
camera // Outside
{
location < -5000.0, 5000.0, -5000.0 >
look_at < 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 >
right 1.77*x
}
#end
#declare Seed=seed(441);
#if(CameraOutside)
/*light_source
{
< -10000.0, 10000.0, 10000.0 >
color rgb < 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 >
}*/
light_source { < -5000, 10000, 10000 > color rgb < 0.2, 0.1, 0.0 > *3.0 }
light_source { < -10000, 05000, 10000 > color rgb < 0.5, 0.5, 0.5 > }
light_source { < -5000, -10000, 10000 > color rgb < 0.005, 0.0, 0.01 > }
#end
/*
#declare LightDistance = -253.1;
#declare LightWidth = 50.0;
#declare MyRadius = 5;
#declare MyTightness = 50;
#declare MyFalloff = 80;
#declare MyLightMultiplicator = 0.007;
#declare LightSectionHalf = union
{
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 spotlight point_at < 000.0, -1500.0,
0.0 > radius 10 tightness 10 falloff 20 rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 2.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 spotlight point_at < 050.0, -1350.0,
0.0 > radius 10 tightness 10 falloff 20 rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 2.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 spotlight point_at < 100.0, -0950.0,
0.0 > radius 10 tightness 10 falloff 20 rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 2.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 spotlight point_at < 150.0, -0700.0,
0.0 > radius 10 tightness 10 falloff 20 rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 2.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 spotlight point_at < 175.0, -0600.0,
0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate <
0.0, 0.0, 5.0 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.88627,
0.50196 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 spotlight point_at < 200.0, -0550.0,
0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate <
0.0, 0.0, 7.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.69412,
0.28235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*04 spotlight point_at < 225.0, -0500.0,
0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate <
0.0, 0.0, 10.0 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.99608, 0.35686,
0.08627 > * MyLightMultiplicator*04 spotlight point_at < 250.0, -0450.0,
0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate <
0.0, 0.0, 12.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.76863, 0.27059,
0.05882 > * MyLightMultiplicator*04 spotlight point_at < 275.0, -0400.0,
0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate <
0.0, 0.0, 15.0 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.54902, 0.10980,
0.10980 > * MyLightMultiplicator*03 spotlight point_at < 300.0, -0350.0,
0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate <
0.0, 0.0, 17.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.43922, 0.09412,
0.16078 > * MyLightMultiplicator*03 spotlight point_at < 325.0, -0300.0,
0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate <
0.0, 0.0, 20.0 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.31373, 0.07843,
0.14902 > * MyLightMultiplicator*02 spotlight point_at < 350.0, -0250.0,
0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate <
0.0, 0.0, 22.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.15294, 0.04706,
0.10588 > * MyLightMultiplicator*02 spotlight point_at < 375.0, -0200.0,
0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate <
0.0, 0.0, 25.0 > }
}
#declare LightSection = union
{
object { LightSectionHalf scale < 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 > }
object { LightSectionHalf scale < -1.0, 1.0, 1.0 > }
}
#declare RundeLight = 50.0;
#while(RundeLight<4950.0)
object { LightSection translate < 0.0, 0.0, RundeLight > }
#declare RundeLight = RundeLight+50.0;
#end
*/
// ---------------------------------------------------
#macro
RoundCilinderSegment(StartHeight,EindHeight,Radius,StartHoek,EindHoek,Bevel,BevelHeight,MaxLength)
#local Start=y*(StartHeight+Bevel);
#local Eind=y*(EindHeight-Bevel);
#local Start2=y*StartHeight;
#local Eind2=y*EindHeight;
#local StartHoek2=StartHoek+degrees(Bevel/Radius);
#local EindHoek2=EindHoek-degrees(Bevel/Radius);
#local TotaleLengte=radians(EindHoek-StartHoek)*(Radius+BevelHeight);
#local Aantal=max(int(TotaleLengte/MaxLength),1);
#local Tel=0;
mesh {
triangle {
vrotate(<Radius,StartHeight,0>,y*StartHoek),
vrotate(<Radius,EindHeight,0>,y*StartHoek),
vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,StartHeight+Bevel,0>,y*StartHoek2)
}
triangle {
vrotate(<Radius,EindHeight,0>,y*StartHoek),
vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,EindHeight-Bevel,0>,y*StartHoek2),
vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,StartHeight+Bevel,0>,y*StartHoek2)
}
triangle {
vrotate(<Radius,EindHeight,0>,y*StartHoek),
vrotate(<Radius,EindHeight,0>,y*StartHoek2),
vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,EindHeight-Bevel,0>,y*StartHoek2)
}
triangle {
vrotate(<Radius,StartHeight,0>,y*StartHoek),
vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,StartHeight+Bevel,0>,y*StartHoek2),
vrotate(<Radius,StartHeight,0>,y*StartHoek2)
}
triangle {
vrotate(<Radius,StartHeight,0>,y*EindHoek),
vrotate(<Radius,EindHeight,0>,y*EindHoek),
vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,StartHeight+Bevel,0>,y*EindHoek2)
}
triangle {
vrotate(<Radius,EindHeight,0>,y*EindHoek),
vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,EindHeight-Bevel,0>,y*EindHoek2),
vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,StartHeight+Bevel,0>,y*EindHoek2)
}
triangle {
vrotate(<Radius,EindHeight,0>,y*EindHoek),
vrotate(<Radius,EindHeight,0>,y*EindHoek2),
vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,EindHeight-Bevel,0>,y*EindHoek2)
}
triangle {
vrotate(<Radius,StartHeight,0>,y*EindHoek),
vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,StartHeight+Bevel,0>,y*EindHoek2),
vrotate(<Radius,StartHeight,0>,y*EindHoek2)
}
#while (Tel<Aantal)
#local H1=StartHoek2+(EindHoek2-StartHoek2)*(Tel/Aantal);
#local H2=StartHoek2+(EindHoek2-StartHoek2)*((Tel+1)/Aantal);
#local P1=vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,StartHeight+Bevel,0>,y*H1);
#local P2=vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,EindHeight-Bevel,0>,y*H1);
#local P3=vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,EindHeight-Bevel,0>,y*H2);
#local P4=vrotate(<Radius+BevelHeight,StartHeight+Bevel,0>,y*H2);
#local N1=vrotate(x,y*H1);
#local N2=vrotate(x,y*H2);
smooth_triangle {P1,N1,P2,N1,P4,N2}
smooth_triangle {P2,N1,P3,N2,P4,N2}
//triangle {P1,P2,P4}
//triangle {P2,P3,P4}
#local P2B=vrotate(<Radius,EindHeight,0>,y*H1);
#local P3B=vrotate(<Radius,EindHeight,0>,y*H2);
triangle {P2,P2B,P3}
triangle {P2B,P3B,P3}
#local P2B=vrotate(<Radius,StartHeight,0>,y*H2);
#local P3B=vrotate(<Radius,StartHeight,0>,y*H1);
triangle {P2B,P1,P3B}
triangle {P1,P4,P2B}
#local Tel=Tel+1;
#end
}
#end
#macro Verlaag(X)
#local R=X-(1+rand(Seed)*2.5);
R
#end
#macro
CilinderGreeble(StartHeight,EindHeight,Radius,StartHoek,EindHoek,Bevel,BevelHeight,MaxLength,Detail)
#local Start=(StartHeight+Bevel);
#local Eind=(EindHeight-Bevel);
#local StartH=StartHoek+degrees(Bevel/Radius);
#local EindH=EindHoek-degrees(Bevel/Radius);
//cilindertjes:
#local Aantal=rand(Seed)*Detail;
#while (Aantal>0)
#local Size=(Bevel*.01)+rand(Seed)*Bevel*.99*2;
#local Hoek=StartH+(EindH-StartH)*rand(Seed);
#local Hoogte=Start+(Eind-Start)*rand(Seed);
#local Depth=BevelHeight/2+rand(Seed)*BevelHeight/2;
superellipsoid {<1,.1+rand(Seed)*.3> rotate y*90 scale
<Depth,Size,Size> translate x*Radius rotate y*Hoek translate y*Hoogte}
#local Aantal=Aantal-1;
#end
//vakjes:
#local Aantal=rand(Seed)*Detail;
#while (Aantal>0)
#local S=Start+(Eind-Start)*rand(Seed);
#local E=S+(Eind-S)*rand(Seed);
#local SH=StartH+(EindH-StartH)*rand(Seed);
#local EH=SH+(EindH-SH)*rand(Seed);
#local H=BevelHeight/2+rand(Seed)*BevelHeight/2;
RoundCilinderSegment(S,E,Radius,SH,EH,Bevel/2,H,AantalStapjes)
#local Aantal=Aantal-1;
#end
//verticale buisjes
#local Aantal=rand(Seed)*Detail;
#while (Aantal>0)
#local S=Start+(Eind-Start)*rand(Seed);
#local E=S+(Eind-S)*rand(Seed);
#local SH=StartH+(EindH-StartH)*rand(Seed);
//#local EH=SH+(EindH-SH)*rand(Seed);
#local H=(BevelHeight/2+rand(Seed)*BevelHeight/2)/2;
//RoundCilinderSegment(S,E,Radius,SH,EH,Bevel/2,H,AantalStapjes)
cylinder {y*S,y*E,H translate x*Radius rotate y*SH}
sphere {y*S,H translate x*Radius rotate y*SH}
sphere {y*E,H translate x*Radius rotate y*SH}
#local Aantal=Aantal-1;
#end
//horizontale buisjes simuleren, toruskes zouden wsl te traag gaan
#local Aantal=rand(Seed)*Detail;
#while (Aantal>0)
#local S=Start+(Eind-Start)*rand(Seed);
#local H=BevelHeight/2+rand(Seed)*BevelHeight/2;
#local H=min((Eind-S),H*2)/2;
#local E=S+H*2;
#local SH=StartH+(EindH-StartH)*rand(Seed);
#local EH=SH+(EindH-SH)*rand(Seed);
RoundCilinderSegment(S,E,Radius,SH,EH,H,H,AantalStapjes)
#local Aantal=Aantal-1;
#end
#end
#macro
VerdeelCilinder(StartHeight,EindHeight,Radius,StartHoek,EindHoek,Diepte,Bevel,BevelHeight)
#local Start=y*(StartHeight+Bevel);
#local Eind=y*(EindHeight-Bevel);
#local Start2=y*StartHeight;
#local Eind2=y*EindHeight;
#if (Diepte<0)
#ifndef(Detail) #local Detail=5; #end
#local H=rand(Seed)*BevelHeight;
#ifndef(MaxSegmentLength) #local AantalStapjes=Bevel; //(eigenlijk de
maximale lengte van een segment)
#else #local AantalStapjes= MaxSegmentLength; #end
RoundCilinderSegment(StartHeight,EindHeight,Radius,StartHoek,EindHoek,Bevel,H,AantalStapjes)
CilinderGreeble(StartHeight,EindHeight,Radius+H,StartHoek,EindHoek,Bevel,H,AantalStapjes,Detail)
#else
// eerst es checken of 't nie onvoorstelbaar ongelijk verdeeld is:
#local Lengte=radians(EindHoek-StartHoek)*Radius;
#local Hoogte=EindHeight-StartHeight;
#local PercentageU=.5+(rand(Seed)-rand(Seed))*.5*.9;
#local PercentageV=.5+(rand(Seed)-rand(Seed))*.5*.9;
#local MidHeight=StartHeight+(EindHeight-StartHeight)*PercentageU;
#local MidHoek=StartHoek+(EindHoek-StartHoek)*PercentageV;
// als't 2 keer zo hoog als breed is (of nog hoger), dan ff enkel in
de hoogte bijsnijden:
#if ((Hoogte>(Lengte*2))&(rand(Seed)>.125))
VerdeelCilinder(StartHeight,MidHeight,Radius,StartHoek,EindHoek,Verlaag(Diepte),Bevel,BevelHeight)
VerdeelCilinder(MidHeight,EindHeight,Radius,StartHoek,EindHoek,Verlaag(Diepte),Bevel,BevelHeight)
// als't 2 keer lager dan breed is (of nog lager), dan ff enkel in de
breedte bijsnijden:
#else
#if (((Hoogte*2)<Lengte)&(rand(Seed)>.125))
VerdeelCilinder(StartHeight,EindHeight,Radius,StartHoek,MidHoek,Verlaag(Diepte),Bevel,BevelHeight)
VerdeelCilinder(StartHeight,EindHeight,Radius,MidHoek,EindHoek,Verlaag(Diepte),Bevel,BevelHeight)
#else
VerdeelCilinder(StartHeight,MidHeight,Radius,StartHoek,MidHoek,Verlaag(Diepte),Bevel,BevelHeight)
VerdeelCilinder(MidHeight,EindHeight,Radius,StartHoek,MidHoek,Verlaag(Diepte),Bevel,BevelHeight)
VerdeelCilinder(StartHeight,MidHeight,Radius,MidHoek,EindHoek,Verlaag(Diepte),Bevel,BevelHeight)
VerdeelCilinder(MidHeight,EindHeight,Radius,MidHoek,EindHoek,Verlaag(Diepte),Bevel,BevelHeight)
#end
#end
#end
#end
//#include "textures.inc"
#declare HabitatOutside = union
{
#declare Detail=5;
#declare MaxSegmentLength=.1;
VerdeelCilinder(-3,3,1,0,360,10,.002,.0075)
cylinder {-3*y,3*y,1}
//Metaal()
rotate < 90.0, 0.0, 0.0 >
translate < 0.0, 0.0, 3.0 >
scale < 1.0*1600.0, 1.0*1600.0, (1.0/6.0)*5200.0 >
translate < 0.0, 0.0, -100.0 >
}
#declare Backbone = union
{
#declare Detail=5;
#declare MaxSegmentLength=.1;
VerdeelCilinder(-3,3,1,0,360,10,.002,.0075)
cylinder {-3*y,3*y,1}
//Metaal()
rotate < 90.0, 0.0, 0.0 >
translate < 0.0, 0.0, 3.0 >
scale < 750.0, 750.0, (1.0/6.0)*5000.0 >
translate < 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 >
}
#declare MyLight = difference // Backbone Light
{
cylinder { < 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > < 0.0, 0.0, 5000.0 > 760.0 }
box { < -760.1, 0.0, -0.1 > < 760.1, 760.1, 5000.1 > }
pigment
{
gradient x
color_map
{
[ 0.00 rgb < 0.00000, 0.00000, 0.00000 > * 1 ]
[ 0.05 rgb < 0.15294, 0.04706, 0.10588 > * 1 ]
[ 0.10 rgb < 0.31373, 0.07843, 0.14902 > * 1 ]
[ 0.30 rgb < 1.00000, 0.69412, 0.28235 > * 1 ]
[ 0.425 rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824, 0.88235 >* 2 ]
[ 0.575 rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824, 0.88235 >* 2 ]
[ 0.70 rgb < 1.00000, 0.69412, 0.28235 > * 1 ]
[ 0.90 rgb < 0.31373, 0.07843, 0.14902 > * 1 ]
[ 0.95 rgb < 0.15294, 0.04706, 0.10588 > * 1 ]
[ 1.00 rgb < 0.00000, 0.00000, 0.00000 > * 1 ]
}
translate < -0.5, 0.0, 0.0 >
scale < 1520.0, 1.0, 1.0 >
}
finish { emission 1.0 }
translate < 0.0, -10.0, 0.0 >
}
#declare MyAtmosphere = cylinder // Air
{
< 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > < 0.0, 0.0, 5000.0 > 1500.0
pigment { rgbt < 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 > }
hollow
interior
{
fade_colour < 0.4, 0.66, 0.9 >
fade_distance 5000.0
fade_power 1001
media
{
emission 0.0005
density
{
gradient y
density_map
{
[ 0.0 rgb < 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 > * 0.1 ]
[ 0.4 rgb < 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 > ]
[ 0.5 rgb < 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 > ]
[ 1.0 rgb < 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > ]
}
translate < 0.0, -0.5, 0.0 >
scale < 3000.0, 3000.0, 1.0 >
}
// absorption 1000.0
/* scattering
{
1
< 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 >
extinction 1.0
} */
}
}
}
#declare Fn_1 = function(x,y,z)
{
1-(-f_snoise3d(x*5,y*3,z*5)*0.8)
}
#declare TheLandscape = object
{
HF_Cylinder( Fn_1, // Function,
0, // UseUVheight: 0 or 1
1, // UseUVtexture: 0 or 1
<50,50>, // Resolution,
1, // Smooth: 0 or 1
"", // FileName, ""=no file, Colony Ship I - Heightfield Landscape.png
<0,0,0>, // EndA,
<0,1.5,0>, // EndB
1.60 ,// Radius
0.05 // Depth
) //-------------------------
scale < 0.58, 0.67, 0.58 >
rotate < 90.0, 0.0, 0.0 >
scale < 1500.0, 1500.0, 2500.0 >
}
#declare MyLandscape = union
{
object { TheLandscape scale < 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 > translate < 0.0, 0.0,
0000.0 > }
object { TheLandscape scale < 1.0, 1.0, -1.0 > translate < 0.0, 0.0,
5000.0 > }
pigment { rgb < 0.05, 0.25, 0.0 > }
finish { emission 0.0 }
}
#declare MyWaterLevel = 1440.0;
#declare fn_pattern = function
{
pattern { bozo scale 0.15 }
}
#declare fn_water = function
{
z - fn_pattern(x, y, 0)*0.25
}
#declare MyWater = difference // Water
{
cylinder { < 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > < 0.0, 0.0, 5000.0 > 1500.0 }
cylinder { < 0.0, 0.0, -0.1 > < 0.0, 0.0, 5000.1 > MyWaterLevel }
material
{
texture
{
pigment { color rgbt < 0.2, 0.7, 0.3, 0.5 > }
finish
{
ambient 0.0
diffuse 0.0
emission 0.0
reflection
{
0.0, 1.0
falloff 5
fresnel on
}
specular 0.4
roughness 0.003
}
normal
{
function { f_ridged_mf(x, y, z, 0.1, 3.0, 7, 0.7, 0.7, 2) } 0.8
scale 0.13
}
}
interior
{
ior 1.3
fade_distance 10
fade_power 1001
fade_color < 0.8, 0.2, 0.2, 0.5 >
media
{
// absorption < 0.8, 0.6, 1.0, 0.5 >
scattering
{
3
< 0.5, 0.65, 0.4 >
extinction 1.0
}
}
}
}
normal
{
function { f_ridged_mf(x, y, z, 0.1, 3.0, 7, 0.7, 0.7, 2) }
0.8
scale < 0.13, 0.4, 0.13 >
}
}
object { HabitatOutside hollow }
object { Backbone hollow }
object { MyLight }
object { MyAtmosphere }
object { MyLandscape }
object { MyWater }
Post a reply to this message
Attachments:
Download 'sl - colony ship i.png' (106 KB)
Preview of image 'sl - colony ship i.png'
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Thanks, seeing your advises now. Look further down - how do you like my
atmosphere? It is not perfect: the nighttime position is not dark but
blue, and the sunset camera position also does not show sunset colors.
Any idea?
Code and image inside my update posting.
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On 2/12/2016 8:40 AM, Thomas de Groot wrote:
>> We are getting double posts from you, Thomas
>>
>
> Due to typing errors, I deleted my initial messages and sent the
> corrected ones again. Apparently, Thunderbird correctly makes the
> deletions invisible (at least for me) but not the website.
I am using Thunderbird too.
I must have looked and downloaded them before you cancelled.
No big deal. :)
--
Regards
Stephen
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On 12-2-2016 10:46, Sven Littkowski wrote:
> Thanks, seeing your advises now. Look further down - how do you like my
> atmosphere? It is not perfect: the nighttime position is not dark but
> blue, and the sunset camera position also does not show sunset colors.
> Any idea?
>
> Code and image inside my update posting.
>
I am afraid I have no real experience with sunset or night atmospheres.
Bruno Cabasson seems to get very close though.
--
Thomas
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Am 12.02.2016 um 10:42 schrieb Sven Littkowski:
> Update
Please don't post images in povray.general (or any newsgroup without
".binaries." in the name, for that matter).
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Ah, yes. okay. :-)
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Le 16-02-11 23:19, Sven Littkowski a écrit :
> Thanks. :-)
>
> Not bad. But in my scenario, it is a bit different: there is an
> illuminated day" side inside that hollow cylinder, but also a dark
> "night" side. The illumination is done already by light sources at the
> moment, or an emissive image maybe in the future.
>
> The medium I need, would not need to glow. But it should give that blue
> "dust" to the distance, and be brighter around a light or emission source.
>
Your light need to be fading.
That mean using fade_power 2 and fade_distance SomeRelativelyShortDistance.
That also mean that the light's intensity will large to very large,
possibly in the 1000000 range.
That wat, the illumination will be much stronger near the lights, making
it right for scattering media. Just make the media have a blue colour.
It will glow blue, and the illumination reatching the surface will get a
yellow tint.
Also, that scattering media will gives a blue tint to things farther away.
If you use radiosity and emissive image/pattern, that can't illuminate
your media. In that case, you'll need to use emissive media to get the
same result.
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Le 16-02-11 23:33, Sven Littkowski a écrit :
> For the air, I am trying to use he code below. But I am getting an error:
> "Fatal Error in Renderer: A POV-Ray internal nesting limit was reached."
>
> cylinder // Air
> {
> < 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > < 0.0, 0.0, 5000.0 > 1500.0
> hollow
> interior
> {
> ior 1.3
> fade_distance 10
> fade_power 1001
> fade_color < 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 >
> media
> {
> scattering
> {
> 3
> < 0.5, 0.65, 0.4 >
> extinction 1.0
> }
> }
> }
> }
>
An ior of 1.3 for the air? It's air, not water.
A correct ior here would be around 1.000001... Beter off leaving the ior
totaly out for the air.
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Thanks, Alan.
Yes, the strength of the light must have been the problem: I tried
scattering, but got only a black screen. i couldn't explain it to
myself, and that was one of the reasons why I redesigned the
illumination of my scene and removed all light sources 8and use now a
long, emitting bar with radiosity).
I think, I will make one more try with the scattering, as it sound
promising. :-)
-------------------------------
On 13.02.2016 16:15, Alain wrote:
> Your light need to be fading.
> That mean using fade_power 2 and fade_distance SomeRelativelyShortDistance.
> That also mean that the light's intensity will large to very large,
> possibly in the 1000000 range.
>
> That wat, the illumination will be much stronger near the lights, making
> it right for scattering media. Just make the media have a blue colour.
> It will glow blue, and the illumination reatching the surface will get a
> yellow tint.
> Also, that scattering media will gives a blue tint to things farther away.
>
> If you use radiosity and emissive image/pattern, that can't illuminate
> your media. In that case, you'll need to use emissive media to get the
> same result.
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Thanks, another source of errors fixed. :-)
-------------------------------
On 13.02.2016 16:18, Alain wrote:
> An ior of 1.3 for the air? It's air, not water.
> A correct ior here would be around 1.000001... Beter off leaving the ior
> totaly out for the air.
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On 14-2-2016 5:47, Sven Littkowski wrote:
> Thanks, Alan.
>
> Yes, the strength of the light must have been the problem: I tried
> scattering, but got only a black screen.
If you get a black screen (or a white screen for that matter) it is
because your scattering vector value is out of range, either too high or
too low. You need to experiment with that too. The intensity of the
light source inside the media may also play an important role.
Important note! Always (repeat: Always) scale your media object and the
inverse scattering vector proportionally (as I showed you in my example).
In one word: experiment, experiment, experiment (3 words now) :-)
--
Thomas
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I am, actually, getting a very different problem now, when trying to use
a scattering effect:
"Fetal Error in Renderer: A POV-Ray internal nesting limit was reached."
What part of my code could cause that?
----------------------------------
#if(IlluminationType="Lights")
#declare LightDistance = -253.1;
#declare LightWidth = 50.0;
#declare MyRadius = 5;
#declare MyTightness = 50;
#declare MyFalloff = 80;
#declare MyLightMultiplicator = 0.007 * 1000.0;
#declare LightSectionHalf = union
{
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 000.0, -1500.0, 0.0 > radius 10 tightness 10
falloff 20 rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 2.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 050.0, -1350.0, 0.0 > radius 10 tightness 10
falloff 20 rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 2.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 100.0, -0950.0, 0.0 > radius 10 tightness 10
falloff 20 rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 2.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 150.0, -0700.0, 0.0 > radius 10 tightness 10
falloff 20 rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 2.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 175.0, -0600.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 5.0 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.88627,
0.50196 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 200.0, -0550.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 7.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.69412,
0.28235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*04 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 225.0, -0500.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 10.0 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.99608, 0.35686,
0.08627 > * MyLightMultiplicator*04 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 250.0, -0450.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 12.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.76863, 0.27059,
0.05882 > * MyLightMultiplicator*04 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 275.0, -0400.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 15.0 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.54902, 0.10980,
0.10980 > * MyLightMultiplicator*03 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 300.0, -0350.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 17.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.43922, 0.09412,
0.16078 > * MyLightMultiplicator*03 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 325.0, -0300.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 20.0 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.31373, 0.07843,
0.14902 > * MyLightMultiplicator*02 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 350.0, -0250.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 22.5 > }
light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.15294, 0.04706,
0.10588 > * MyLightMultiplicator*02 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
spotlight point_at < 375.0, -0200.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 25.0 > }
}
#end
#if(IlluminationType="Lights")
#declare LightSection = union
{
object { LightSectionHalf scale < 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 > }
object { LightSectionHalf scale < -1.0, 1.0, 1.0 > }
}
#end
#if(IlluminationType="Lights")
#declare MyLight = union
{
#declare RundeLight = 50.0;
#while(RundeLight<4950.0)
object { LightSection translate < 0.0, 0.0, RundeLight > }
#declare RundeLight = RundeLight+50.0;
#end
}
#end
#declare MyAtmosphere = cylinder // Air
{
< 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > < 0.0, 0.0, 5000.0 > 1500.0
pigment { rgbt < 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 > }
hollow
interior
{
fade_colour < 0.4, 0.66, 0.9 >
fade_distance 5000.0
fade_power 1001
media
{
emission 0.0005
density
{
gradient y
density_map
{
[ 0.0 rgb < 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 > * 0.1 ]
[ 0.4 rgb < 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 > * 1.0 ]
[ 0.5 rgb < 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 > * 1.0 ]
[ 1.0 rgb < 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > * 1.0 ]
}
translate < 0.0, -0.5, 0.0 >
scale < 3000.0, 3000.0, 1.0 >
}
#if(IlluminationType="Lights")
absorption 1000.0
scattering
{
1
< 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 >
extinction 1.0
}
#end
}
}
}
----------------------------------
On 14.02.2016 02:54, Thomas de Groot wrote:
> On 14-2-2016 5:47, Sven Littkowski wrote:
> If you get a black screen (or a white screen for that matter) it is
> because your scattering vector value is out of range, either too high or
> too low. You need to experiment with that too. The intensity of the
> light source inside the media may also play an important role.
>
> Important note! Always (repeat: Always) scale your media object and the
> inverse scattering vector proportionally (as I showed you in my example).
>
> In one word: experiment, experiment, experiment (3 words now) :-)
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On 2/14/2016 1:51 PM, Sven Littkowski wrote:
> I am, actually, getting a very different problem now,
...
Which is why I use a modeller. Every line of code I write has to be
debugged. :-(
I could not code my way out of a wet paper bag.
--
Regards
Stephen
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Le 16-02-14 08:51, Sven Littkowski a écrit :
> I am, actually, getting a very different problem now, when trying to use
> a scattering effect:
>
> "Fetal Error in Renderer: A POV-Ray internal nesting limit was reached."
>
> What part of my code could cause that?
>
> ----------------------------------
>
> #if(IlluminationType="Lights")
> #declare LightDistance = -253.1;
> #declare LightWidth = 50.0;
> #declare MyRadius = 5;
> #declare MyTightness = 50;
> #declare MyFalloff = 80;
> #declare MyLightMultiplicator = 0.007 * 1000.0;
> #declare LightSectionHalf = union
> {
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
> 0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 000.0, -1500.0, 0.0 > radius 10 tightness 10
> falloff 20 rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 2.5 > }
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
> 0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 050.0, -1350.0, 0.0 > radius 10 tightness 10
> falloff 20 rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 2.5 > }
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
> 0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 100.0, -0950.0, 0.0 > radius 10 tightness 10
> falloff 20 rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 2.5 > }
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
> 0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 150.0, -0700.0, 0.0 > radius 10 tightness 10
> falloff 20 rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 2.5 > }
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824,
> 0.88235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 175.0, -0600.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
> MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 5.0 > }
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.88627,
> 0.50196 > * MyLightMultiplicator*05 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 200.0, -0550.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
> MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 7.5 > }
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 1.00000, 0.69412,
> 0.28235 > * MyLightMultiplicator*04 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 225.0, -0500.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
> MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 10.0 > }
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.99608, 0.35686,
> 0.08627 > * MyLightMultiplicator*04 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 250.0, -0450.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
> MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 12.5 > }
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.76863, 0.27059,
> 0.05882 > * MyLightMultiplicator*04 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 275.0, -0400.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
> MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 15.0 > }
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.54902, 0.10980,
> 0.10980 > * MyLightMultiplicator*03 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 300.0, -0350.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
> MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 17.5 > }
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.43922, 0.09412,
> 0.16078 > * MyLightMultiplicator*03 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 325.0, -0300.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
> MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 20.0 > }
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.31373, 0.07843,
> 0.14902 > * MyLightMultiplicator*02 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 350.0, -0250.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
> MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 22.5 > }
> light_source { < 0.0, LightDistance, 0.0 > rgb < 0.15294, 0.04706,
> 0.10588 > * MyLightMultiplicator*02 fade_power 2 fade_distance 100.0
> spotlight point_at < 375.0, -0200.0, 0.0 > radius MyRadius tightness
> MyTightness falloff MyFalloff rotate < 0.0, 0.0, 25.0 > }
> }
> #end
>
Maybe you have to many light interacting with the media.
Use only a single or a few, long and very narrow, area_light using
area_illumination. If using a few lights, don't go over 4 or 5 TOTAL.
Use something like this for the area_light parameters:
area_light HabitatLength*z, AxleRadius*x*0.7, 257, 33 adaptive 0
area_illumination
adaptive 0 turn on the adaptive sampling starting with only the 4
cormers and will subdivide as needed in the penumbrae.
adaptive 1 will start with the corners plus the mid point in each
directions, for a total of 9 initial samples.
Don't use spotlight but rely on the edges of the cylinder's window to
limit the area of illumination.
cylinder{0, HabitatLength*z, AxleRadius
pigment{radial
color_map{[0 rgb 0.5][0.05 rgbf<0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 1>][0.1 rgbf 1]
[0.4 rgbf 1][0.45 rgbf<1, 0.7, 0.5, 1>][0.5 rgb 0.5]}
rotate 180*z}
}
Alain
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Okay, I will give a try. Thanks a lot.
Should I use "looks_like" or "projected_through" for the cylinder (see
below (quote)?
On 14.02.2016 10:47, Alain wrote:
> cylinder{0, HabitatLength*z, AxleRadius
> pigment{radial
> color_map{[0 rgb 0.5][0.05 rgbf<0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 1>][0.1 rgbf 1]
> [0.4 rgbf 1][0.45 rgbf<1, 0.7, 0.5, 1>][0.5 rgb 0.5]}
> rotate 180*z}
> }
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Am 14.02.2016 um 14:51 schrieb Sven Littkowski:
> I am, actually, getting a very different problem now, when trying to use
> a scattering effect:
>
> "Fetal Error in Renderer: A POV-Ray internal nesting limit was reached."
>
> What part of my code could cause that?
This message indicates that any one of the following limits was reached:
- 256 media statements relevant at any point in space.
- 256 media intervals (between two object surfaces?).
- 512 lit media intervals (between two object surfaces ?).
- (256 light sources used with media *).
- A limit of 512 overlapping textured elements at any point in space in
a blob or a CSG union, merge or intersection.
- 1024 light sources used with media and/or photons.
(? At present I'm not exactly sure how these limits work.)
(* This limit is only relevant with some alternative code that is
currently disabled.)
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Le 16-02-14 15:03, Sven Littkowski a écrit :
> Okay, I will give a try. Thanks a lot.
>
> Should I use "looks_like" or "projected_through" for the cylinder (see
> below (quote)?
>
> On 14.02.2016 10:47, Alain wrote:
>> cylinder{0, HabitatLength*z, AxleRadius
>> pigment{radial
>> color_map{[0 rgb 0.5][0.05 rgbf<0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 1>][0.1 rgbf 1]
>> [0.4 rgbf 1][0.45 rgbf<1, 0.7, 0.5, 1>][0.5 rgb 0.5]}
>> rotate 180*z}
>> }
You want the cylinder to cast shadows, so, looks_like can't be used.
looks_like have an implied no_shadow.
projected_through can be seen as an "anti-shadow" thing. Also, it's
supposed to totaly ignore any pigment and textures and is never visible.
So, it's not what you need.
No, just a plain cylinder with a pattern that is partly transparent in
the direction where you want the light to shine through and opaque on
the "night" side.
You may want to add some shiny or luminous texture on the inside. You do
that using interior_texture after the normal texture.
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I use 2,000 light sources or so, the last condition might be the one
that applies. What would happen, if POV-Ray would have higher limits?
Which development file(s) contain these limits? Thanks.
On 14.02.2016 15:04, clipka wrote:
>> What part of my code could cause that?
>
> This message indicates that any one of the following limits was reached:
>
> - 256 media statements relevant at any point in space.
>
> - 256 media intervals (between two object surfaces?).
>
> - 512 lit media intervals (between two object surfaces ?).
>
> - (256 light sources used with media *).
>
> - A limit of 512 overlapping textured elements at any point in space in
> a blob or a CSG union, merge or intersection.
>
> - 1024 light sources used with media and/or photons.
>
>
> (? At present I'm not exactly sure how these limits work.)
>
> (* This limit is only relevant with some alternative code that is
> currently disabled.)
>
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Am 15.02.2016 um 01:32 schrieb Sven Littkowski:
> I use 2,000 light sources or so, the last condition might be the one
> that applies. What would happen, if POV-Ray would have higher limits?
> Which development file(s) contain these limits? Thanks.
In the current versions that would be LIGHTSOURCE_VECTOR_SIZE in
source/core/configcore.h.
The only adverse effect would be higher memory consumption and possibly
slightly degraded performance.
The reason why these limits are there in the first place is simply
because, for the sake of performance, the respective data structures
need to be of /some/ fixed size.
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On 15-2-2016 1:32, Sven Littkowski wrote:
> I use 2,000 light sources or so, the last condition might be the one
> that applies. What would happen, if POV-Ray would have higher limits?
> Which development file(s) contain these limits? Thanks.
>
The question immediately arises: Do you /really/ need 2000 light
sources? Looks like overkill to me.
--
Thomas
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On 2/15/2016 2:59 AM, Thomas de Groot wrote:
> On 15-2-2016 1:32, Sven Littkowski wrote:
>> I use 2,000 light sources or so, the last condition might be the one
>> that applies. What would happen, if POV-Ray would have higher limits?
>> Which development file(s) contain these limits? Thanks.
>>
>
> The question immediately arises: Do you /really/ need 2000 light
> sources? Looks like overkill to me.
>
>
In my scene with an area light of 8 sources there was noticeable banding
of the shadows. 2000 does sound like a lot though.
Mike
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Hi,
I never worked with area light and area illumination before. I tried to
establish this kind of light based on your example, but I am not sure if
I gave the correct numbers. And I also don't know the correct order.
#declare MyLight = union
{
light_source
{
5000.0*z // Location
760.0*x*0.7 // Color?
257, 33 // ?
area_light // Type
// The POV-Ray docu says vectors and sizes are required for area light
< -1000.0, -1300.0, 0.0 > < 1000.0, -1300.0, 5000.0 > 3, 3 // OK?
adaptive 0 //
area_illumination on //
}
cylinder
{
0, 5000.0*z, 760.0
pigment
{
radial
color_map
{
[ 0.00 rgb 0.5 ]
[ 0.05 rgbf < 0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 1.0 > ]
[ 0.10 rgbf 1.0 ]
[ 0.40 rgbf 1.0 ]
[ 0.45 rgbf < 1.0, 0.7, 0.5, 1.0 > ]
[ 0.50 rgb 0.5 ]
}
rotate 180*z
}
translate < 0.0, -10.0, 0.0 >
}
}
------------------------------------------------------------
On 14.02.2016 10:47, Alain wrote:
> area_light HabitatLength*z, AxleRadius*x*0.7, 257, 33 adaptive 0 area_illumination
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I came to use 2,000 light sources, because I want soft shadows along the
Z axis (a light each 40 meters) for the one reason, and also a flow from
day-white light via afternoon-peach to sunset-purple along the Z axis.
Alternatively, working with no light source but with emitting surfaces
of those colors and radiosity, does also the trick.
But I am also interested to learn about media atmospheric effects, and
so I try both illuminations still and find out, which way gives me the
best results.
I am considering to create a custom version of POV-Ray that does not
give me those limits. Maybe, one day, these limits can be set within the
appropriate .ini file or within the menu bar of the program (settings,
options), or don't exist anymore but POV-Ray would give a warning or
advise when parsing such a scene. Hey, CLipka, how do you do today? :-)
------------------------------------------------
On 15.02.2016 04:40, Mike Horvath wrote:
> On 2/15/2016 2:59 AM, Thomas de Groot wrote:
>> On 15-2-2016 1:32, Sven Littkowski wrote:
>>> I use 2,000 light sources or so, the last condition might be the one
>>> that applies. What would happen, if POV-Ray would have higher limits?
>>> Which development file(s) contain these limits? Thanks.
>>>
>>
>> The question immediately arises: Do you /really/ need 2000 light
>> sources? Looks like overkill to me.
>>
>>
>
> In my scene with an area light of 8 sources there was noticeable banding
> of the shadows. 2000 does sound like a lot though.
>
>
> Mike
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Small Update, Alain:
I copied your code and made small adaptions. But due to the fact, that I
still have no full understanding of what I am doing here ( :-) ), I
produce errors at the location where I use your "257, 33".
------------------------------------
#declare MyLight = union
{
light_source
{
4999.8*(z+0.1)// Location - small difference to walls (0.1)
760.0*x*0.7 // Color?
257, 33 // ? ERROR ---
area_light // Type
< -1000.0, -1300.0, 0.1 > < 1000.0, -1300.0, 4999.9 > 3, 3 // Vectors?
adaptive 0 //
area_illumination on //
}
cylinder
{
0, 5000.0*z, 760.0
pigment
{
radial
color_map
{
[ 0.00 rgb 0.5 ]
[ 0.05 rgbf < 0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 1.0 > ]
[ 0.10 rgbf 1.0 ]
[ 0.40 rgbf 1.0 ]
[ 0.45 rgbf < 1.0, 0.7, 0.5, 1.0 > ]
[ 0.50 rgb 0.5 ]
}
rotate 180*z
}
// interior_texture // not yet in place. But shouldn't that cylinder
be hollow then?
translate < 0.0, -10.0, 0.0 >
}
}
------------------------------------
On 14.02.2016 10:47, Alain did some écrit:
> area_light HabitatLength*z, AxleRadius*x*0.7, 257, 33 adaptive 0
> area_illumination
>
> cylinder{0, HabitatLength*z, AxleRadius
> pigment{radial
> color_map{[0 rgb 0.5][0.05 rgbf<0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 1>][0.1 rgbf 1]
> [0.4 rgbf 1][0.45 rgbf<1, 0.7, 0.5, 1>][0.5 rgb 0.5]}
> rotate 180*z}
> }
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Am 15.02.2016 um 11:29 schrieb Sven Littkowski:
> Hey, CLipka, how do you do today? :-)
Mild headache, thanks to you ;)
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Too much pressure in your life? 3:)
On 15.02.2016 15:02, clipka wrote:
> Am 15.02.2016 um 11:29 schrieb Sven Littkowski:
>> (ideas to improve POV-Ray...) Hey, CLipka, how do you do today? :-)
>
> Mild headache, thanks to you ;)
>
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Le 16-02-15 05:21, Sven Littkowski a écrit :
> Hi,
>
> I never worked with area light and area illumination before. I tried to
> establish this kind of light based on your example, but I am not sure if
> I gave the correct numbers. And I also don't know the correct order.
>
>
> #declare MyLight = union
> {
> light_source
> {
> 5000.0*z // Location
Yes, location of <0, 0, 5000>
> 760.0*x*0.7 // Color?
That makes your light red. It evaluate to rgb <760*0.7, 0, 0>
> 257, 33 // ?
This WILL cause an error and stop parsing.
MUST folloow both area_light AND the two axis
> area_light // Type
> // The POV-Ray docu says vectors and sizes are required for area light
> < -1000.0, -1300.0, 0.0 > < 1000.0, -1300.0, 5000.0 > 3, 3 // OK?
That can be ok. This define a rectangle set -1300 unit down the y axis,
and set at an angle.
A 3 by 3 array is extremely croase. Barely ok for a test render. Could
be used simulate an actual array of 3 by 3 lights if used without jitter
and adaptive.
> adaptive 0 //
Good for test render. If good enough, may be kept for final render.
> area_illumination on //
OK
> }
You first define the location of the light, then it's colour.
After that, you add the area_light parameters and other light options.
It's as follow, after location and colour/intensity:
area_light
First size of the area light as an axis
Second size of the area light also as an axis
For both axis, the shortcut n*x, n*y and n*z are legal.
Number of samples along the first axis
Number of samples along the second axis
For the axis, it's usualy beter to define them along the reference axis.
After that, if needed, you can rotate the light as a whole to orient the
plane as needed. That's much easier than giguring the correct values for
the axis. Alternatively, it's possible to use some axis manipulation
macros to calculate the correct values.
It's followed by the other options in any order:
area_illumination will affect the illumination of objects that are close
to the light's location.
adaptive turn on the adaptive subsampling. The keyword is followed by an
integer value that set the minimal number of initial subsampling.
A value of 0 will start with only the 4 corners, and if they are not all
visible or invisible from a given point, then subdivision will occur.
A value of 1 will start with a 3 by 3 array, adaptive 2 will start with
a 5 by 5 array, subjected to the actual number of sublights in that
direction.
adaptive allow the use of large number of samples with minimal
performance hit.
circular moves the sublights inward so that they reside within a circle
or ellips.
orient will pivot the sublights array so that it's always facing any
point bein evaluated. It MUST be used with circular and the two axis
must be ov the same length and the number of samples must be the same in
both directions.
jitter will randomly move the sublights to reduce banding. If used with
antialiasing, each antialiasing samples will have a different jittering
of the sublights.
area_light is compatible with spotlight, cylinder, projected_through,
parallel.
It's pointless for a shadowless light.
Correctly writing your sample:
light_source{
Location
Colour
area_light // turn on the area_light feature
5000*z 760*0.7*x //surface covered be the area_light
257 33 //number of samples along the long and short axis
jitter // very small effect in this case, help reduce banding
}
This area_light is parallel with the X-Z plane, and it's longest extent
is alligned along the z axis.
If location is set for 500*y or <0, 500, 0>, the light will be located
within this square:
<-16.5, 500, -2500> <16.5, 500, 2500>
Alain
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Hi, big thanks, so far. please let's continue.
I used "760.0*x*0.7 // Color?" because you wrote: "AxleRadius*x*0.7".
I don't need a red light, so I will change it. :-)
Right after you wrote "257,33", that is why I placed them right after,
too. What are these two numbers actually about, or for?
And where exactly to place them? After the vectors of the area_light as
replacement for "3,3"?
Vectors of the area_light:
< -1000.0, -1300.0, 0.0 > < 1000.0, -1300.0, 5000.0 >
What exactly do they describe? The illuminated area? Or the area
(rectangle) in which all lights are in? I might have to make some
changes to those two vectors, based on your answer. :-)
At the moment, I have this as light system, but the resulting image is
just showing a distant gray ring:
---------------------------
#if(IlluminationType="Lights")
#declare MyLight = union
{
light_source
{
5000*z // Location
rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824, 0.88235 > // Color
area_light // Type
5000*z 760*0.7*x 257, 33 // Vectors
adaptive 0 //
area_illumination on //
}
cylinder
{
0, 5000.0*z, 760.0
pigment
{
radial
color_map
{
[ 0.00 rgb 0.5 ]
[ 0.05 rgbf < 0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 1.0 > ]
[ 0.10 rgbf 1.0 ]
[ 0.40 rgbf 1.0 ]
[ 0.45 rgbf < 1.0, 0.7, 0.5, 1.0 > ]
[ 0.50 rgb 0.5 ]
}
rotate 180*z
}
// interior_texture // not yet in place. But shouldn't that cylinder
be hollow then?
translate < 0.0, -10.0, 0.0 >
}
}
#end
----------------------------------------
On 14.02.2016 10:47, Alain wrote:
> area_light HabitatLength*z, AxleRadius*x*0.7, 257, 33 adaptive 0
> area_illumination
>
> cylinder{0, HabitatLength*z, AxleRadius
> pigment{radial
> color_map{[0 rgb 0.5][0.05 rgbf<0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 1>][0.1 rgbf 1]
> [0.4 rgbf 1][0.45 rgbf<1, 0.7, 0.5, 1>][0.5 rgb 0.5]}
> rotate 180*z}
> }
On 16.02.2016 14:10, Alain wrote:
> Le 16-02-15 05:21, Sven Littkowski a écrit :
>> 5000.0*z // Location
> Yes, location of <0, 0, 5000>
>> 760.0*x*0.7 // Color?
> That makes your light red. It evaluate to rgb <760*0.7, 0, 0>
>> 257, 33 // ?
> This WILL cause an error and stop parsing.
> MUST folloow both area_light AND the two axis
>> area_light // Type
>> // The POV-Ray docu says vectors and sizes are required for area light
>> < -1000.0, -1300.0, 0.0 > < 1000.0, -1300.0, 5000.0 > 3, 3 // OK?
> That can be ok. This define a rectangle set -1300 unit down the y axis,
> and set at an angle.
>
> You first define the location of the light, then it's colour.
> After that, you add the area_light parameters and other light options.
>
> It's as follow, after location and colour/intensity:
> area_light
> First size of the area light as an axis
> Second size of the area light also as an axis
> For both axis, the shortcut n*x, n*y and n*z are legal.
> Number of samples along the first axis
> Number of samples along the second axis
>
> For the axis, it's usualy beter to define them along the reference axis.
> After that, if needed, you can rotate the light as a whole to orient the
> plane as needed. That's much easier than giguring the correct values for
> the axis. Alternatively, it's possible to use some axis manipulation
> macros to calculate the correct values.
>
> It's followed by the other options in any order:
>
> area_illumination will affect the illumination of objects that are close
> to the light's location.
>
> adaptive turn on the adaptive subsampling. The keyword is followed by an
> integer value that set the minimal number of initial subsampling.
> A value of 0 will start with only the 4 corners, and if they are not all
> visible or invisible from a given point, then subdivision will occur.
> A value of 1 will start with a 3 by 3 array, adaptive 2 will start with
> a 5 by 5 array, subjected to the actual number of sublights in that
> direction.
> adaptive allow the use of large number of samples with minimal
> performance hit.
>
> circular moves the sublights inward so that they reside within a circle
> or ellips.
> orient will pivot the sublights array so that it's always facing any
> point bein evaluated. It MUST be used with circular and the two axis
> must be ov the same length and the number of samples must be the same in
> both directions.
>
> jitter will randomly move the sublights to reduce banding. If used with
> antialiasing, each antialiasing samples will have a different jittering
> of the sublights.
>
> area_light is compatible with spotlight, cylinder, projected_through,
> parallel.
> It's pointless for a shadowless light.
>
> Correctly writing your sample:
> light_source{
> Location
> Colour
> area_light // turn on the area_light feature
> 5000*z 760*0.7*x //surface covered be the area_light
> 257 33 //number of samples along the long and short axis
> jitter // very small effect in this case, help reduce banding
> }
>
> This area_light is parallel with the X-Z plane, and it's longest extent
> is alligned along the z axis.
> If location is set for 500*y or <0, 500, 0>, the light will be located
> within this square:
> <-16.5, 500, -2500> <16.5, 500, 2500>
>
>
>
> Alain
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Le 16-02-16 20:16, Sven Littkowski a écrit :
> Hi, big thanks, so far. please let's continue.
>
> I used "760.0*x*0.7 // Color?" because you wrote: "AxleRadius*x*0.7".
> I don't need a red light, so I will change it. :-)
>
> Right after you wrote "257,33", that is why I placed them right after,
> too. What are these two numbers actually about, or for?
They define how many samples there are along the axis of the area_light
> And where exactly to place them? After the vectors of the area_light as
> replacement for "3,3"?
Yes.
>
> Vectors of the area_light:
> < -1000.0, -1300.0, 0.0 > < 1000.0, -1300.0, 5000.0 >
> What exactly do they describe? The illuminated area? Or the area
> (rectangle) in which all lights are in? I might have to make some
> changes to those two vectors, based on your answer. :-)
Those define the physical dimention and orientation of the area_light
basic rectangle.
In your case, you want it to be parallel to the axis of the habitat.
Assuming that that axis is along the Z axis, the large value must be
along the Z axis. The short axis should be along the X or Y axis,
depending on whitch is the most convenient for your situation.
The effective rectangle is shifted so that it's center point sit at the
light's location. So, the rectangle si centered on the light's location
and extend +- half the dimention around that point.
>
> At the moment, I have this as light system, but the resulting image is
> just showing a distant gray ring:
> ---------------------------
>
> #if(IlluminationType="Lights")
> #declare MyLight = union
> {
> light_source
> {
> 5000*z // Location
As it is now, the light is located at the far extremity of the cylinder.
Change to 2500*z so that it's centered along the length of the cylinder.
> rgb < 1.00000, 0.98824, 0.88235 > // Color
OK, a somewhat warm looking light colour.
> area_light // Type
> 5000*z 760*0.7*x 257, 33 // Vectors
OK.
> adaptive 0 //
Make it render as fast as possible.
> area_illumination on //
> }
> cylinder
> {
> 0, 5000.0*z, 760.0
> pigment
> {
> radial
> color_map
> {
> [ 0.00 rgb 0.5 ]
> [ 0.05 rgbf < 0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 1.0 > ]
> [ 0.10 rgbf 1.0 ]
> [ 0.40 rgbf 1.0 ]
> [ 0.45 rgbf < 1.0, 0.7, 0.5, 1.0 > ]
> [ 0.50 rgb 0.5 ]
> }
As radial rotate around the Y axis, you need to rotate it 90° around the
X axis.
rotate 90*x
> rotate 180*z
May need to be adjusted so that the opening is facing up or down.
> }
> // interior_texture // not yet in place. But shouldn't that cylinder
> be hollow then?
interior_texture is entirely optional.
Don't need to add hollow. hollow only enable the object to contain some
media or fog, nothing else.
> translate < 0.0, -10.0, 0.0 >
> }
> }
> #end
>
> ----------------------------------------
>
>
Quotted from the documentation:
"The radial pattern is a radial blend that wraps around the +y-axis. The
color for value 0.0 starts at the +x-direction and wraps the color map
around from east to west with 0.25 in the -z-direction, 0.5 in -x, 0.75
at +z and back to 1.0 at +x. Typically the pattern is used with a
frequency modifier to create multiple bands that radiate from the y-axis."
In this case, we only want the pattern to repeat once around the cylinder.
Alain
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