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29 Mar 2024 10:54:01 EDT (-0400)
  Isosurface from magnitude of complex function with domain coloring (Message 11 to 20 of 40)  
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From: Tor Olav Kristensen
Subject: Re: Isosurface from magnitude of complex function with domain coloring
Date: 25 Dec 2021 19:10:00
Message: <web.61c7b24d6041c670bbb338f289db30a9@news.povray.org>
"BayashiPascal" <bai### [at] gmailcom> wrote:
>...
> Very nice.
>
> The "multi-layered" aspect of the result is intriguing me. Does it come from a
> property of the function you've choosen, or from the way you choose to visualise
> it ?

Thank you Pascal

The layered appearance is just a result from the coloring.
Here's how I did it:

#declare H_Fn =
    function(re, im) {
        degrees(mod(2*pi + ArgumentFn(re, im), 2*pi))
    }
;
#declare S = 1.0;
#declare A = 0.6; // 0 < A < 1
#declare L_Fn =
    function(re, im) {
        mod(10*(1 - pow(A, MagnitudeFn(re, im))), 1)/2
    }
;
isosurface {
    function { y - MagnitudeFn(x, z) }

    ...

    FunctionsPigmentRGB(
        function { Rd_Fn(H_Fn(x, z), S, L_Fn(x, z)) },
        function { Gn_Fn(H_Fn(x, z), S, L_Fn(x, z)) },
        function { Bu_Fn(H_Fn(x, z), S, L_Fn(x, z)) }
    )
}

In the attached image L_Fn() was changed to this:

#declare A = 0.2; // 0 < A < 1
#declare L_Fn =
    function(re, im) {
        (1 - pow(A, MagnitudeFn(re, im)))
    }
;

--
Tor Olav
http://subcube.com
https://github.com/t-o-k


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Attachments:
Download 'fivepoles_isosurface_otherlightness.png' (202 KB)

Preview of image 'fivepoles_isosurface_otherlightness.png'
fivepoles_isosurface_otherlightness.png


 

From: Tor Olav Kristensen
Subject: Re: Isosurface from magnitude of complex function with domain coloring
Date: 25 Dec 2021 19:20:00
Message: <web.61c7b4a96041c670bbb338f289db30a9@news.povray.org>
Alain Martel <kua### [at] videotronca> wrote:

> > "Tor Olav Kristensen" <tor### [at] TOBEREMOVEDgmailcom> wrote:
> >>...
> >> And yesterday I made some functions that can be used for HSV-coloring of
> >> pigments.
> >>...
> >
> > The "multi-layered" aspect of the result is intriguing me. Does it come from a
> > property of the function you've choosen, or from the way you choose to visualise
> > it ?
> >...
> Do you mean the repeating gradient ?

> larger than 1 get their integer part zeroed.
>
> Then, it's mapped to a 0..0.5 range.
>
> It could look something like this :
> colour_map{
>  [0 hsv2rgb(<Hvalue, 1, 0>)]
>  [1 hsv2rgb(<Hvalue, 1, 0.5>)]
>    }

Sorry Alain. I made a mistake and wrote "HSV-coloring" above. I meant to write
"HSL-coloring". (I haven't yet looked at how HSV formulas works.)

Also see my answer to Pascal in my previous post.

--
Tor Olav
http://subcube.com
https://github.com/t-o-k


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From: Tor Olav Kristensen
Subject: Re: Isosurface from magnitude of complex function with domain coloring
Date: 25 Dec 2021 19:30:00
Message: <web.61c7b6a06041c670bbb338f289db30a9@news.povray.org>
"Kenneth" <kdw### [at] gmailcom> wrote:
> "Tor Olav Kristensen" <tor### [at] TOBEREMOVEDgmailcom> wrote:
>
> >
> > The colors are chosen so that the hue follows the phase (or argument) of the
> > function, while the lightness goes from 0.0 to 0.5 in intervals along the height
> > axis. The saturation is 100% everywhere.
> >
>
> Those beautiful color gradations remind me of old-style blown-glass/metallic
> Christmas tree ornaments; it even appears as if they have blurred reflections.
> That's an amazing result. Nice!

Thank you Kenneth !

The nice color gradients resulting from the formulas was a surprise to me.

I don't think that I have seen such old style blown glass ornaments.
Are they like this ?
https://www.nordichouse.co.uk/vintage-bordeaux-glass-bauble-p-4022.html

--
Tor Olav
http://subcube.com
https://github.com/t-o-k


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From: Tor Olav Kristensen
Subject: Re: Isosurface from magnitude of complex function with domain coloring
Date: 25 Dec 2021 20:35:00
Message: <web.61c7c50f6041c670bbb338f289db30a9@news.povray.org>
"Bald Eagle" <cre### [at] netscapenet> wrote:
>...
> Very nice.

Thank you Bill !


> I was consulting the stuff that Paul Nylander wrote.  I'm assuming yours are
> similar.

I'm not very familier wit Paul Nylander's work. Those macros seem like a good
start for a library for complex calculations. But the Pow() macro could need
some work to allow for the exponent to also be a complex number.

I did not create macros to do the calculations, but arrays of functions and
macros that assemble functions into new functions. For each complex operator
there's two functions; one for calculating the real part and one for calculating
the imaginary part.


>...
> I made these two to just keep track
>
> #macro Argument (Re, Im)
>  atan2 (Re, Im)
> #end
>
> #macro Modulus (Re, Im)
>  sqrt (pow (Re, 2) + pow (Im, 2))
> #end

I like your Modulus() macro better than the Abs() macro, because it does not
rely on the underlying implementation of how the complex numbers are
represented. I think that as few as possible of the macros should depend on the
underlying implementations. Btw.: Why have you chosen to have a different
atan2() call in your Argument() macro than in the Arg() macro ?


> I worked those out from the macros in colors.inc.  A little challenging at first
> to turn that whole thing into a function.  ;)

Yes, that's a bit of a struggle.


>...
> This is looking great!  I'm sure there are a lot of other interesting complex
> surfaces to be explored.

I've started on a Github repository for my library. It's here:
https://github.com/t-o-k/POV-Ray-complex-functions

Please note that this is a work in progress, so some features hasn't been added
yet and much of it may change.


> I'm also wondering how hard it would be to use mod()
> to have an infinite array of those "black hole vortices" on a plane - in either
> a rectangular or an alternating/hexagonal arrangement...

That's an interesting idea: to have a mod() operator that can handle complex
values. But I don't know how to implement that...

--
Tor Olav
http://subcube.com
https://github.com/t-o-k


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From: Tor Olav Kristensen
Subject: Re: Isosurface from magnitude of complex function with domain coloring
Date: 25 Dec 2021 21:05:00
Message: <web.61c7caae6041c670bbb338f289db30a9@news.povray.org>
kurtz le pirate <kur### [at] gmailcom> wrote:
>...
> Very good job !
>
> The basic operators on the complexes is much more elaborate than mine. I
> use simple macros. This makes the definitions a little more difficult to
> work out. For example, for f(z) = z + 1/z, I have to write
> complexAdd(cc,complexInverse(cc)).

Yes, that's like a prefix notation, which is natural for such a macro library.


> The really interesting part is the use of isosurfaces. Good job. I just
> used colored triangles which give me a {} mesh. The coloring model is
> also very clever because the hue and luminosity depend on the value of
> the function.

Thank you. I'm glad that you like this Kurtz.

It wanted my library to also work with isosufaces and pigments, so I had to use
functions to do all the calculations.

I read about domain coloring with HSL-colors here:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_coloring


> I will see how to add the same coloring scheme as you.

You could have a peek at my implementation here:

https://github.com/t-o-k/POV-Ray-complex-functions


> Here, one sample of f(z) = (-z^3 + iz^2 + 1) / (z - 1 + i)^2.

Here's how I have to enter that function in order to process it with my current
macros. It's a kind of postfix notation/implementation.

#declare No = 16;

#declare PartTypes = array[No];
#declare Arguments = array[No];

#declare PartTypes[0] = "Z";
#declare Arguments[0] = ZFn();

#declare PartTypes[1] = "Const";
#declare Arguments[1] = RealConstFn(+3.0);

#declare PartTypes[2] = "Pow";
#declare Arguments[2] = Arg2Fn(0, 1);

#declare PartTypes[3] = "Neg";
#declare Arguments[3] = Arg1Fn(2);

#declare PartTypes[4] = "Z";
#declare Arguments[4] = ZFn();

#declare PartTypes[5] = "Const";
#declare Arguments[5] = ImagConstFn(+1.0);

#declare PartTypes[6] = "Sqr";
#declare Arguments[6] = Arg1Fn(4);

#declare PartTypes[7] = "Mul";
#declare Arguments[7] = Arg2Fn(5, 6);

#declare PartTypes[8] = "Add";
#declare Arguments[8] = Arg2Fn(3, 7);

#declare PartTypes[9] = "Const";
#declare Arguments[9] = RealConstFn(+1.0);

#declare PartTypes[10] = "Add";
#declare Arguments[10] = Arg2Fn(8, 9);

#declare PartTypes[11] = "Z";
#declare Arguments[11] = ZFn();

#declare PartTypes[12] = "Const";
#declare Arguments[12] = ComplexConstFn(-1.0, +1.0);

#declare PartTypes[13] = "Add";
#declare Arguments[13] = Arg2Fn(11, 12);

#declare PartTypes[14] = "Sqr";
#declare Arguments[14] = Arg1Fn(13);

#declare PartTypes[15] = "Div";
#declare Arguments[15] = Arg2Fn(10, 14);

I'm a bit worried though, because my renderings of that function is quite
different from mine.

What is your rendering showing ?
The magnitude, the real part or the imaginary part ? - or something else ?

--
Tor Olav
http://subcube.com
https://github.com/t-o-k


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From: Tor Olav Kristensen
Subject: Re: Isosurface from magnitude of complex function with domain coloring
Date: 25 Dec 2021 21:15:00
Message: <web.61c7cfac6041c670bbb338f289db30a9@news.povray.org>
"Tor Olav Kristensen" <tor### [at] TOBEREMOVEDgmailcom> wrote:
>...
> #declare PartTypes[4] = "Z";
> #declare Arguments[4] = ZFn();
>
> #declare PartTypes[5] = "Const";
> #declare Arguments[5] = ImagConstFn(+1.0);
>
> #declare PartTypes[6] = "Sqr";
> #declare Arguments[6] = Arg1Fn(4);
>
> #declare PartTypes[7] = "Mul";
> #declare Arguments[7] = Arg2Fn(5, 6);
>

Oops.
I should have written those assignments like this:

#declare PartTypes[4] = "Const";
#declare Arguments[4] = ImagConstFn(+1.0);

#declare PartTypes[5] = "Z";
#declare Arguments[5] = ZFn();

#declare PartTypes[6] = "Sqr";
#declare Arguments[6] = Arg1Fn(5);

#declare PartTypes[7] = "Mul";
#declare Arguments[7] = Arg2Fn(4, 6);

- But the resulting functions would yield the same values.

--
Tor Olav
http://subcube.com
https://github.com/t-o-k


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From: BayashiPascal
Subject: Re: Isosurface from magnitude of complex function with domain coloring
Date: 25 Dec 2021 21:25:00
Message: <web.61c7d1d96041c670c7449d78e0f8c582@news.povray.org>
"Tor Olav Kristensen" <tor### [at] TOBEREMOVEDgmailcom> wrote:
> Thank you Pascal
>
> The layered appearance is just a result from the coloring.

Thank you ! Now my confusion is entirely cleared up. :-)

Pascal


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From: Kenneth
Subject: Re: Isosurface from magnitude of complex function with domain coloring
Date: 25 Dec 2021 21:35:00
Message: <web.61c7d4366041c6704cef624e6e066e29@news.povray.org>
"Tor Olav Kristensen" <tor### [at] TOBEREMOVEDgmailcom> wrote:
> "Kenneth" <kdw### [at] gmailcom> wrote:
> >
> > Those beautiful color gradations remind me of old-style blown-glass/metallic
> > Christmas tree ornaments...
>
> I don't think that I have seen such old style blown glass ornaments.

These three examples come closest to what I remember seeing, when I was a kid
visiting my grandmother for the holidays...

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/210824826294535957/

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/645281452835747592/

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/550002173251947194/

.... but your colors are even better and more saturated. And you have managed to
capture that blurred metallic 'sheen'. It's probably an optical illusion, but
the effect is quite magical.


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From: kurtz le pirate
Subject: Re: Isosurface from magnitude of complex function with domain coloring
Date: 26 Dec 2021 06:13:42
Message: <61c84e66$1@news.povray.org>
On 26/12/2021 03:00, Tor Olav Kristensen wrote:
>> ...
> 
>> Here, one sample of f(z) = (-z^3 + iz^2 + 1) / (z - 1 + i)^2.
> 
> ...
> 
> I'm a bit worried though, because my renderings of that function is quite
> different from mine.

Sorry, I put the wrong picture :(
here, it's the good one.

> What is your rendering showing ?
> The magnitude, the real part or the imaginary part ? - or something else ?

let z = a + ib
f(z) = c +i d

Represented in POV in this way :
a >> x axis
b >> z axis

arg(c + id) >> the color in HSL space with H = arg and L = logaritmic
function of module between 0 and 1.

module(c + id) >> y axis with a logarithmic scale



-- 
Kurtz le pirate
Compagnie de la Banquise


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Attachments:
Download 'complex3dmesh_fn00.jpg' (82 KB)

Preview of image 'complex3dmesh_fn00.jpg'
complex3dmesh_fn00.jpg


 

From: Bald Eagle
Subject: Re: Isosurface from magnitude of complex function with domain coloring
Date: 26 Dec 2021 09:30:00
Message: <web.61c87bcf6041c6701f9dae3025979125@news.povray.org>
"Tor Olav Kristensen" wrote:

> Thank you Bill !

Knowing partly what goes into all of this, I can see that it required a lot of
time and attention to detail - and you always post fairly polished images, even
if they are only WIPS.

>

> I'm not very familier wit Paul Nylander's work. Those macros seem like a good
> start for a library for complex calculations. But the Pow() macro could need
> some work to allow for the exponent to also be a complex number.

http://bugman123.com/index.html

Complex exponents --- Oh, it makes my head hurt to even thing about that.

> I did not create macros to do the calculations, but arrays of functions and
> macros that assemble functions into new functions. For each complex operator
> there's two functions; one for calculating the real part and one for calculating
> the imaginary part.

Yes, since you are doing isosurfaces, it would have to be that way.
Not having done a great deal personally with complex math, I wasn't about to
start writing things from scratch, and wanted to just see what "known good code"
would spit out.

>
> >...
> > I made these two to just keep track
> >
> > #macro Argument (Re, Im)
> >  atan2 (Re, Im)
> > #end
> >
> > #macro Modulus (Re, Im)
> >  sqrt (pow (Re, 2) + pow (Im, 2))
> > #end
>
> I like your Modulus() macro better than the Abs() macro, because it does not
> rely on the underlying implementation of how the complex numbers are
> represented. I think that as few as possible of the macros should depend on the
> underlying implementations.

I was just working off of the definitions of the terms.  Sometimes I mix and
match things without worrying about things too much, just to see what works
without overcomplicating things early on.

> Btw.: Why have you chosen to have a different
> atan2() call in your Argument() macro than in the Arg() macro ?

I believe the first one is Paul's, and the last one is one I wrote from scratch.
 Again, just from definition of the term.  If that gave rise to any "errors" - I
figured I could go back and fix them once I had some geometry rendered to
visually see what the problems were.


> > This is looking great!  I'm sure there are a lot of other interesting complex
> > surfaces to be explored.
>
> I've started on a Github repository for my library. It's here:
> https://github.com/t-o-k/POV-Ray-complex-functions
>
> Please note that this is a work in progress, so some features hasn't been added
> yet and much of it may change.

Nice.   That would probably be well suited to printing out and looking over
during coffee break.

> > I'm also wondering how hard it would be to use mod()
> > to have an infinite array of those "black hole vortices" on a plane - in either
> > a rectangular or an alternating/hexagonal arrangement...
>
> That's an interesting idea: to have a mod() operator that can handle complex
> values. But I don't know how to implement that...

Naive question: Wouldn't you just process the Re and Im parts with mod first
before passing them on to the subsequent functions?


Maybe check out
http://www.dimensions-math.org/Dim_E.htm

and perhaps get in touch with the authors, since they seem to have an amazing
grasp of both the math as well as POV-Ray.


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