OK. This is an update of your scene. Note the following:

- do not set default diffuse to 0 as your colour will come out black if 
you do not use radiosity. This happened to your ground plane for 
instance and forced you probably to use ambient for your planet. Set to 1;

- never use ambient! always prefer radiosity;

- discard the fogs and use media instead;

- I shall come back later for the cloud media where things can be 
improved. In particular be careful with non-uniform scaling of the media 
container as this changes the colour/aspect of the media.


Here is the corrected scene:

//-------------------------------------------------------------
#version 3.7;

global_settings {
   assumed_gamma 1.0
}

#default {
  finish { ambient 0.0 diffuse 1.0 }
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------
#include "colors.inc"
#include "textures.inc"
#include "glass.inc"
#include "metals.inc"
#include "golds.inc"
//-----------------------------------------------------------------

camera {
   /*ultra_wide_angle*/ angle 20
   location  < -35.0 , 11.0 , 0.0 >
   right     x*image_width/image_height
   look_at   < 0.0 , 5.0 , 0.0 >
}

// sun -------------------------------------------------------------------
light_source {
   < 50, 100, -250 >*10e4
   color < 1.0,  0.62353,  0.46667 >*2
}

// sky -------------------------------------------------------------------
background { color rgb 0 }
/*
sky_sphere {
   pigment {
     gradient < 0, 1, 0 >
     color_map {
       [ 0.0 color rgb < 1.00000,  0.62353,  0.46667 > ] // Pink
       [ 0.4 color rgb < 0.64706,  0.30588,  0.59608 > ] // Purple
       [ 0.6 color rgb < 0.64706,  0.30588,  0.59608 > ] // Purple
       [ 1.0 color rgb < 1.00000,  0.62353,  0.46667 > ] // Pink
     }
     scale 2
   }
}
*/

// ground -----------------------------------------------------------------
disc {
  < 0, 1, 0 >, 0, 50
  texture { pigment { color rgb < 0.24706,  0.38431,  0.058824 > *1.0 }
  finish {diffuse 1.0 } }
  rotate< 0, 0, 0 >
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------
//---------------------------- objects in scene -------------------
//cloud layer:
cylinder {
   < 0.0, -0.5, 0.0 > < 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 > 10.0
   pigment{ rgbt 1 }
   hollow
   interior {
     media {
       emission < 0.9, 0.9, 1.0 > *0.15
       absorption < 0.0, 0.0, 0.5 >
       scattering {
         3, < 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 >
         extinction  2.0
       }
       density {
         gradient < 1.0, 0.25, 0.5 > //controls the cloud formation
         turbulence 0.5
         frequency 5
         color_map {
           [ 0.0 rgb 0.0 ]//border
           [ 0.5 rgb 0.1 ]
           [ 1.0 rgb 1.0 ]//center
         } // end color_map
       } // end of density
     } // end of media ----
   } // end of interior
   translate < 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 >
   scale < 5.0, 1.5, 5.0 >
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------
//atmosphere:
#local Scale = 5;

sphere {
   <0.0, 0.0, 0.0 >, 10.0
   pigment {rgbt 1}
   hollow
   interior {
     media {
       scattering {1, <1, 1, 1,>*0.3/Scale extinction 1}
       density {
         gradient y
         color_map {
           [0.00 rgb 1.00] //base ground fog
           [0.07 rgb 0.80] //top ground fog
           [0.08 rgb 0.02] //base atmospheric haze
           [1.00 rgb 0.01] //top atmospheric haze
         }
         scale Scale*2*y
       }
     }
   }
   scale Scale
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------
//artefact:
union {
   cylinder {< 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 > < 0.0, 8.0, 0.0 > 0.25}
   sphere {< 0.0, 8.0, 0.0 > 0.25}
   texture { T01 }
   texture { T_Copper_1A }
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------
// Planet:
union {
   sphere {
     <0.0, 0.0, 0.0> 7.0
   }
   difference {
     cylinder { < 0.0, -0.00001, 0.0 > < 0.0, 0.00001, 0.0 > 13.0 }
     cylinder { < 0.0, -0.00002, 0.0 > < 0.0, 0.00002, 0.0 > 10.0 }
     rotate < 20.0, 0.0, 4.0 >
   }
   texture {pigment {White}}
   translate <80.0, -2.0, 13.0>
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------


-- 
Thomas

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